Because of a mobile lifestyle, children in international schools may experience a transition process for a large portion of their lives. Resulting insecurities could be expressed in feelings of anger and frustration. Reactions may be compounded if students are faced with learning a new environmental language and culture. This article reviews literature on the transition process and investigates the effects of culture, language difference and personality on transition. Recommendations for facilitating the acculturation of linguistically different students are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AKRAM, C. (1995) `Change and Adaptation: children and curriculum in international schools' . International Schools Journal15(1): 39-53 .
2.
ASAKO, Y.-Y. AND RICHARD, S. (1998) Japanese Children Abroad: Culture, Language and Educational Issues. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters .
3.
AUERBACK, E.R. AND BURGESS, D. (1985) `The hidden curriculum of survival ESL' . TESOL Quarterly27(2): 9-32 .
4.
BARTER, R. (1994) `Multiculturalism and multilingualism: what it means in practice' . International Schools Journal27 (Spring): 31-40 .
5.
BARTLETT, K. (1994) `Internationalism: getting beneath the surface' . International Schools Journal27 (Spring): 53-56 .
6.
BAUM, F. (1900) The Wizard of Oz, ed. W.W. Denslow, 2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press .
7.
BIALYSTOK, E. AND HAKUTA, K. (1994) In Other Words: The Science and Psychology of Second-Language Acquisition. New York: Basicbooks .
8.
BROWN, A. (1998) `Helping teachers help second language learners' . International Schools Journal17(2): 22-27 .
9.
CALDAS, S.J. AND CAROON-CALDAS, S. (1999) `Values' . Language, Culture and Curriculum12(1): 42-55 .
10.
CARDER, M.W. (1991) `The role and development of ESL programmes in international schools', in Patricia Jonietz and Duncan Harris (eds) World Yearbook of Education, pp. 108-124. London: Kogan Page .
11.
CARRESQUILLO, A.L. AND RODRIGUES, V. (2002) Language Minority Students in the Mainstream Classroom. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters .
12.
COLE, M. AND COLE, S.R. (1989) The Development of Children. New York: Worth .
13.
CUMMINS, J. (1985) `Education and cultural and linguistic pluralism: theory and policy in bilingual education' , paper written for the National Seminar on Education in Multicultural Societies, Ljubliana, Yugoslavia.
14.
CUMMINS, J. (2000) Language, Power and Pedagogy: Bilingual Children in the Crossfire. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters .
15.
DE COURCY, M. (1997) `Teaching and learning with different scripts: cross-cultural conflict in the Chinese late immersion classroom' . Language and Education2(4): 242-256 .
16.
DLASKA, A. (2000) `Integrating culture and language learning' . Language, Culture and Curriculum13(3): 247-261 .
17.
EHRMAN, M.E. (1996) Understanding Second Language Learning Difficulties. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage .
18.
FENNES, H. AND HAPGOOD, K. (1997) Intercultural Learning in the Classroom: Crossing Borders. London: Cassell .
19.
FORD, J.G. (1996) A Kente Dress for Kenya. New York: Scholastic Books .
20.
GARDNER, H. (1983) Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. London: Fontana Press .
21.
GERSTEN, R., BAKER, S.K. AND MARKS, S. (1998) Teaching English-Language Learners with Learning Difficulties. Eugene, OR: Eric Clearinghouse on Learning Disabilities and Gifted Education .
22.
GREENE, G. AND NEFSKY, P. (1999) `Transition for culturally and linguistically diverse youth with disabilities: closing the gaps', in Bridgie Alexis Ford (ed.) Multiple Voices, pp. 15-24. Reston, VA: The Council for Exceptional Children .
23.
HAKUTA, K., BUTLER, Y.G. AND WITT, D. (2000) How Longdoes it Take English Learners to Attain Proficiency? Santa Barbara, CA: University of California Linguistic and Minority Research Institute .
24.
HAYDEN, M. (1998) `International education in practice', in Mary Hayden and Jeff Thompson (eds) International Education: Principles and Practice, p. 3. London: Kogan Page .
25.
HEIMAN, J.D. (1994) `Western culture in EFL language instruction' . TESOL Journal3(3): 4-7 .
26.
HIRASAWA, Y. (1997) `International education in Japan', in D. Coulby, G. Jagdish and C. Jones (eds) World Yearbook of Education: Intercultural Education, pp. 132-141. London: Kogan Page .
27.
HOFSTEDE, G. (1983) `Japanese work-related values in a global perspective', in Horoski Mannar and Harum Befu (eds) The Challenge of Japan's Internationalisation, pp. 148-169. Nishinomiya, Japan: Kwansei Gakuin University .
28.
HYMES, D. (1972) `On communicative competence', in J.B. Pride and J. Holmes (eds) Sociolinquistics, pp. 269-293. Harmondsworth: Penguin .
29.
JALONGO, M. (1993) `Relocation stress in young children' , paper presented at the East African Early Childhood Conference, Dar es Salaam.
30.
JARMO, L. (2000) `On Japanese children abroad' . Culture, Language and Education14(2): 140-142 .
31.
JONIETZ, P.L. (1994) `A new terminology for international schools' . International Schools Journal27 (Spring): 41-45 .
32.
KONDO, F. AND WILLIS, D. (1995) `Communication and cultural faux pas: influences on the communicative and behavioural patterns of Japanese students in international schools' . International Schools Journal14(2): 37-48 .
33.
KRASHEN, S.D. (1985) The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications. Harlow: Longman .
34.
KRASHEN, S.D. AND TERRELL, T.D. (1983) The Natural Approach. Oxford: Pergamon Press .
35.
LANGFORD, M. (1998) `Global nomads, third culture kids and international schools', in Mary Hayden and Jeff Thompson (eds) International Education: Principles and Practice, pp. 28-43. London: Kogan Page .
36.
LEUNG, C. (2001) `English as an additional language' . Language and Education15(1): 35 .
37.
LEVINE, E. (1995) I Hate English. New York: Scholastic Trade Books .
38.
MCKILLOP-OSTROM, A. (2000) `Student mobility and the international curriculum', in Mary Hayden and Jeff Thompson (eds) International School and International Education, pp. 73-84. London: Kogan Page .
39.
PAN, Z., CHAFEE, S.H., CHU, G.C. AND YUNAN, J. (1994) To See Ourselves: Comparing Traditional Chinese and American Cultural Values. Boulder, CO: Westview Press .
40.
PEARCE, R. (1998) `Developing cultural identity in an international school environment', in Mary Hayden and Jeff Thompson (eds) International Education: Principles and Practice, pp. 44-62. London: Kogan Page .
41.
POLLOCK, D.C. AND VAN REKEN, R.E. (1999) Third Culture Kids: The Experience of Growing Up among Worlds. Yarmouth: Intercultural Press .
42.
POWELL, W. (2001) `Orchids in the bathroom: reflections on relocation stress' . International Schools Journal21(1): 19-29 .
43.
RICHARDS, N. (1998) `The emperor's new clothes? The issue of staffing in international schools', in Mary Hayden and Jeff Thompson (eds) International Education: Principles and Practice, pp. 173-183. London: Kogan Page .
44.
SCHAETTI, B. (1998) `Transitions resource teams: a good answer to an important question' . International Schools Journal17(2): 52-59 .
45.
SEARS, C. (1998) Second Language Students in the Classroom. Clevedon: Multicultural Matters .
46.
SEN, R. AND BLATCHFORD, P. (2001) `Reading in a second language: factors associated with progress in young children' . Educational Psychology21(2): 191-202 .
47.
STAPLETON, P. (2000) `Culture's role in TEFL: an attitude survey in Japan' . Language, Culture and Curriculum13(3): 292-299 .
