The development of an oscillating water column (OWC) device under extreme wave conditions has been identified as the most successful and promising approach to harness the ocean wave energy. In most of the coastal regions, the sea bottom profiles are variable, and they play a pivotal role to enhance the performance of the OWC device. Thus, the present numerical study investigates the significance of the variable seabed profiles while analyzing the efficiency of an OWC device in various wave conditions. The physical problem is formulated in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system within the framework of linearized potential flow theory. The dual boundary element method (DBEM) is employed to solve the boundary value problem (BVP). The numerical results are validated with the available experimental and numerical results. Various effects, such as the spacing between the variable seabed and lip-wall, chamber width, seabed classification, seabed elevation difference, lip-wall draft, and lip-wall rotation on the wave radiation and force coefficients, are presented against the relative wave frequency. The free spacing and chamber spacing play an evident role in developing resonanting peaks and troughs in the OWC efficiency curve. The time-domain simulations of the free surface elevations in the presence of variable seabed profiles and OWC device are provided by considering the incident wave as a Gaussian wave packet. The protrusion type-B seabed enhances the efficiency of the OWC device as compared to the other seabed profiles when chamber spacing is higher than the water depth.
RezanejadKGuedes SoaresCLópezI, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation of the hydrodynamic performance of an oscillating water column wave energy converter. Renew Energy2017; 106: 1–16.
2.
RezanejadKBhattacharjeeJGuedes SoaresC.Analytical and numerical study of dual-chamber oscillating water columns on stepped bottom. Renew Energy2015; 75: 272–282.
3.
MohapatraPVijayKGBhattacharyyaA, et al. Performance of a shore fixed oscillating water column device for different bottom slopes and front wall drafts: A study based on computational fluid dynamics and biem. J Offshore Mech Arctic Eng2021; 143(3): 032002.
4.
TrivediKKoleyS. Mathematical modelling of an OWC device mounted over the shoal bottom. In: 2021 IEEE international power and renewable energy conference (IPRECON), September2021, pp.1–5. IEEE.
5.
TrivediKKoleyS.Mathematical modeling of breakwater-integrated oscillating water column wave energy converter devices under irregular incident waves. Renew Energy2021; 178: 403–419.
6.
KhanMBMBeheraH. Impact of sloping porous seabed on the efficiency of an OWC against oblique waves. Renew Energy2021; 173: 1027–1039.
7.
NaikNBeheraHBeheraH.Role of dual breakwaters and trenches on efficiency of an oscillating water column. Phys Fluids2023; 35(4): 047115.
8.
TakahashiSNakadaHOhnedaH, et al. Wave power conversion by a prototype wave power extracting caisson in Sakata port. In: EdgeBL (ed.) Proceedings of 23rd Conference on Coastal Engineering 1992, Venice, Italy, 1992, pp.3440–3453.
9.
HeFHuangZ.Hydrodynamic performance of pile-supported OWC-type structures as breakwaters: an experimental study. Ocean Eng2014; 88: 618–626.
10.
DengZOuZRenX, et al. Theoretical analysis of an asymmetric offshore-stationary oscillating water column device with Bottom Plate. J Waterway Port Coast Ocean Eng2020; 146(4): 04020013.
11.
LuoYWangZPengG, et al. Numerical simulation of a heave-only floating OWC (oscillating water column) device. Energy2014; 76: 799–806.
12.
DashSKKoleySZhengS.Performance of an oscillating water column wave energy converter device under random ocean waves and ocean currents. Phys Fluids2024; 36(10): 107165.
13.
DashSKTrivediKKoleyS, et al. Modeling the hydrodynamics of the OWC device placed over an undulated seabed in the presence of ocean current. Alex Eng J2025; 111: 341–356.
14.
MuraiMLiQFunadaJ.Study on power generation of single Point Absorber Wave Energy Converters (PA-WECs) and arrays of PA-WECs. Renew Energy2021; 164: 1121–1132.
15.
ZhengSZhangY.Analysis for wave power capture capacity of two interconnected floats in regular waves. J Fluid Struct2017; 75: 158–173.
16.
RenziEDiasF.Hydrodynamics of the oscillating wave surge converter in the open ocean. Eur J Mech2013; 41: 1–10.
17.
FernandezHIglesiasGCarballoR, et al. The new wave energy converter WaveCat: concept and laboratory tests. Mar Struct2012; 29(1): 58–70.
18.
HaghighiATNiksereshtAHHayatiM.Numerical analysis of hydrodynamic performance of a dual-chamber oscillating water column. Energy2021; 221: 119892.
19.
EvansDVPorterR.Hydrodynamic characteristics of an oscillating water column device. Appl Ocean Res1995; 17(3): 155–164.
20.
NingDZWangRQChenLF, et al. Experimental investigation of a land-based dual-chamber OWC wave energy converter. Renew Sustain Energ Rev2019; 105: 48–60.
21.
WangCZhangYDengZ.Theoretical analysis on hydrodynamic performance for a dual-chamber oscillating water column device with a pitching front lip-wall. Energy2021; 226: 120326.
22.
FalcãoAFDO. Wave energy utilization: a review of the technologies. Renew Sustain Energ Rev2010; 14(3): 899–918.
23.
HoweDNaderJRMacfarlaneG.Performance analysis of a floating breakwater integrated with multiple oscillating water column wave energy converters in regular and irregular seas. Appl Ocean Res2020; 99: 102147.
24.
GadelhoJFMRezanejadKXuS, et al. Experimental study on the motions of a dual chamber floating oscillating water column device. Renew Energy2021; 170: 1257–1274.
25.
BoccottiP.On a new wave energy absorber. Ocean Eng2003; 30(9): 1191–1200.
26.
ChenJWenHWangY, et al. A correlation study of optimal chamber width with the relative front wall draught of onshore OWC device. Energy2021; 225: 120307.
27.
CuiLZhengSZhangY, et al. Wave power extraction from a hybrid oscillating water column-oscillating buoy wave energy converter. Renew Sustain Energ Rev2021; 135: 110234.
28.
TrivediKKoleySPandurangaK.Performance of an U-shaped oscillating water column wave energy converter device under oblique incident waves. Fluids2021; 6(4): 137.
29.
TrivediKRayARKrishnanPA, et al. Hydrodynamics of LIMPET type OWC device under Stokes second-order waves. Ocean Eng2023; 286: 115605.
30.
BoccottiP.Caisson breakwaters embodying an OWC with a small opening—Part I: theory. Ocean Eng2007; 34(5–6): 806–819.
31.
AderintoTLiH.Ocean wave energy converters: Status and challenges. Energies2018; 11(5): 1250.
32.
Medina-LópezEBergillosRJMoñinoA, et al. Effects of seabed morphology on oscillating water column wave energy converters. Energy2017; 135: 659–673.
33.
EvansDV.Wave-power absorption by systems of oscillating surface pressure distributions. J Fluid Mech1982; 114: 481–499.
34.
DelauréYMCLewisA. 3D hydrodynamic modelling of fixed oscillating water column wave power plant by a boundary element methods. Ocean Eng2003; 30(3): 309–330.
35.
HeathTV.A review of oscillating water columns. Phil Trans R Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci2012; 370(1959): 235–245.
36.
KonispoliatisDN.Assessment of the hydrodynamic performance of an oscillating water column device in front of a V-shaped vertical wall. J Offshore Mech Arctic Eng2023; 145(5): 052001.
37.
RezanejadKBhattacharjeeJGuedes SoaresC.Stepped sea bottom effects on the efficiency of nearshore oscillating water column device. Ocean Eng2013; 70: 25–38.
38.
NingDZWangRQZouQP, et al. An experimental investigation of hydrodynamics of a fixed OWC wave energy converter. Appl Energy2016; 168: 636–648.
39.
LeeKRKooWKimMH.Fully nonlinear time-domain simulation of a backward bent duct buoy floating wave energy converter using an acceleration potential method. Int J Nav Archit Ocean Eng2013; 5(4): 513–528.
40.
VenkateswarluVKarmakarD.Significance of seabed characteristics on wave transformation in the presence of stratified porous block. Coast Eng J2020; 62(1): 1–22.
41.
PraveenKMVenkateswarluVKarmakarD.Wave transformation due to finite floating elastic plate with abrupt change in bottom topography. Ships Offshore Struct2022; 17(8): 1824–1842.
42.
TabssumSKaligatlaRBSahooT.Surface gravity wave interaction with a partial porous breakwater in the presence of bottom undulation. J Eng Mech2020; 146(9): 04020088.
43.
BeheraHKaligatlaRBSahooT.Wave trapping by porous barrier in the presence of step type bottom. Wave Motion2015; 57: 219–230.
44.
FalcãoAFHenriquesJC.Oscillating-water-column wave energy converters and air turbines: a review. Renewable Energy2016; 85: 1391–1424.
45.
KoleySTrivediK.Mathematical modeling of oscillating water column wave energy converter devices over the undulated sea bed. Eng Anal Bound Elem2020; 117: 26–40.
46.
TrivediKKoleyS.Performance of a hybrid wave energy converter device consisting of a piezoelectric plate and oscillating water column device placed over an undulated seabed. Appl Energy2023; 333: 120627.
47.
TrivediKKoleyS.Mathematical modeling of oscillating water column wave energy converter devices placed over an undulated seabed in a two-layer fluid system. Renew Energy2023; 216: 119092.
48.
HongHChenJ.Derivations of integral equations of elasticity. J Eng Mech1988; 114(6): 1028–1044.
49.
ChenJTHongH-KChyuanSW.Boundary element analysis and design in seepage problems using dual integral formulation. Finite Elem Anal Des1994; 17(1): 1–20.
50.
YuehCYTsaurDH.Wave scattering by submerged vertical plate-type breakwater using composite BEM. Coast Eng J1999; 41(1): 65–83.
51.
ChenK-HChenJ-TLinS-Y, et al. Dual boundary element analysis of normal incident wave passing a thin submerged breakwater with rigid, absorbing, and permeable boundaries. J Waterway Port Coast Ocean Eng2004; 130(4): 179–190.
52.
ChenJ-TYuehC-YChangY-L, et al. Why dual boundary element method is necessary?Eng Anal Boundary Elements2017; 76: 59–68.
53.
VijayKGNishadCSNeelamaniS, et al. Wave interaction with multiple wavy porous barriers using dual boundary element method. Eng Anal Bound Elem2021; 122: 176–189.
54.
Morris-ThomasMTIrvinRJThiagarajanKP.An investigation into the hydrodynamic efficiency of an oscillating water column. J Offshore Mech Arctic Eng2007; 129(4): 273–278.
55.
ZhangYZouQPGreavesD.Air–water two-phase flow modelling of hydrodynamic performance of an oscillating water column device. Renew Energy2012; 41: 159–170.
56.
WangCZhangY.Performance enhancement for a dual-chamber OWC conceived from side wall effects in narrow flumes. Ocean Eng2022; 247: 110552.
57.
TrivediKKoleyS.Hydrodynamic performance of the dual-chamber oscillating water column device placed over the undulated sea bed. Energy Rep2022; 8: 480–486.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
