In recent times, renewable energy demand is rapidly increasing worldwide. Offshore wind energy is one of the alternative solutions to the problems posed by non-renewable energy resources. The kinetic energy of the wind is converted to mechanical energy by using an offshore floating wind turbine (OFWT). The efficiency of the OFWT is dependent upon the vibrational effect induced by the environment. In this paper, for the mitigation of this vibrational effect, a new model of barge-type OFWT is designed by using an active control strategy called translational oscillator with a rotational actuator (TORA). The disturbance observer (DO) based advanced control techniques including robust backstepping sliding mode control (BSMC), backstepping integral sliding mode control (BISMC), backstepping nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (BNTSMC), and a new backstepping integral nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (BINTSMC) technique, are devised for the stabilization of OFWT model. The comparison of these techniques is carried out by using MATLAB/SIMULINK which validates the feasibility and correctness of the proposed OFWT model and control techniques.
LeungDYCYangY. Wind energy development and its environmental impact: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev2012; 16(1): 1031–1039.
2.
SnyderBKaiserMJ.Ecological and economic cost-benefit analysis of offshore wind energy. Renew Energ2009; 34(6): 1567–1578.
3.
KaldellisJKKapsaliM.Shifting towards offshore wind energy–recent activity and future development. Energy Policy2013; 53: 136–148.
4.
Pérez–CollazoCGreavesDIglesiasG.A review of combined wave and offshore wind energy. Renew Sust Energ Rev2015; 42: 141–153.
5.
LiXGaoH.Mitigation for a floating wind turbine via generalized structural control. IEEE Trans Ind Electron2015; 63(1): 332–342.
6.
LacknerMARoteaMA.Structural control of floating wind turbines. Mechatronics2011; 21(4): 704–719.
7.
ButterfieldSMusialWJonkmanJ, et al. Engineering challenges for floating offshore wind turbines. In: 2005 Copenhagen offshore wind conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, September 2007, No: NREL/CP-500-38776. Golden, CO: National Renew Energy Lab (NREL).
8.
SpencerJBFNagarajaiahS. State of the art of structural control. J Struct Eng2003; 129(7): 845–856.
9.
SinghMPMatheuEESuarezLE.Active and semi-active control of structures under seismic excitation. Earthquake Eng Struct Dynam1997; 26(2): 193–213.
10.
SoongTTSpencerJBF. Supplemental energy dissipation: state-of-the-art and state-of-the practice. Eng Struct2002; 24(3): 243–259.
11.
NiYQYingZGWangJY, et al. Stochastic optimal control of wind-excited tall buildings using semi-active MR-TLCDs. Eng Mech2004; 19(3): 269–277.
12.
HirayamaTMaN. Dynamic response of a very large floating structure with active pneumatic control. In: The seventh international offshore and polar engineering conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, 25–30 May 1997. International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineering.
13.
DykeSJSpencerJBFQuastP, et al. Implementation of an active mass driver using acceleration feedback control. Comput-Aided Civ Inf1996; 11(5): 305–323.
14.
MurtaghPJGhoshABasuB, et al. Passive control of wind turbine vibrations including blade/tower interaction and rotationally sampled turbulence. Wind Energy2008; 11(4): 305–317.
15.
StewartGM.Load reduction of floating wind turbines using tuned mass dampers. MSc Thesis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 2012.
16.
HeEMHuYQZhangY.Optimization design of tuned mass damper for vibration suppression of a barge-type offshore floating wind turbine. Proc IMechE, Part M: J Engineering for the Maritime Environment2017; 231(1): 302–315.
17.
YangJHeEMHuYQ.Dynamic modeling and vibration suppression for an offshore wind turbine with a tuned mass damper in floating platform. Appl Ocean Res2019; 83: 21–29.
18.
HuangCArriganJNagarajaiahS, et al. Semi-active algorithm for edgewise vibration control in floating wind turbine blades. In: The 12th biennial international conference on engineering, construction, and operations in challenging environments, Honolulu, Hawaii, 14–17 March 2010, pp.2097–2110.
19.
ArriganJPakrashiVBasuB, et al. Control of flapwise vibrations in wind turbine blades using semi-active tuned mass dampers. Struct Control Health Monit2011; 18(8): 840–851.
20.
DinhVNBasuB.Passive control of floating offshore wind turbine nacelle and spar vibrations by multiple tuned mass dampers. Struct Control Health2015; 22(1): 152–176.
21.
SunC.Semi-active control of monopile offshore wind turbines under multi-hazards. Mech Syst Signal Process2018; 99: 285–305.
22.
ParkSLacknerMACross-WhiterJ, et al. An investigation of passive and semi-active tuned mass dampers for a tension leg platform floating offshore wind turbine in ULS conditions. In: ASME 2016, 35th international conference on ocean, offshore mechanics and arctic engineering, Busan, South Korea, 19–24 June 2016. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection.
23.
SiYKarimiHR.Gain scheduling structural control of a floating wind turbine. Proc IFAC World Congress2014; 47(3): 6788–6793.
24.
HuYHeE.Active structural control of a floating wind turbine with a stroke-limited hybrid mass damper. J Sound Vib2017; 410: 447–472.
25.
FitzgeraldBSarkarSStainoA.Improved reliability of wind turbine towers with active tuned mass dampers (ATMDs). J Sound Vib2018; 419: 103–122.
26.
HeBWangSLiuY.Underactuated robotics: a review. Int J Adv Rob Sys2019; 16(4): 1–29.
27.
WanCJBernsteinDSCoppolaVT.Global stabilization of the oscillating eccentric rotor. Nonlinear Dyn1996; 10(1): 49–62.
28.
YuZYuan-boGXiao-huaZ. Stability control of TORA with environmental disturbance. In: The 27th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), Qingdao, China, 23–25 May 2015, pp.6107–6110. New York: IEEE.
29.
BaoYJiaLXieJ, et al. On hierarchical sliding mode control of underactuated TORA system. In: Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, Beijing, China, 6–8 July 2012, pp.1785–1789. New York: IEEE.
30.
BayramogluHKomurcugilH.Nonsingular decoupled terminal sliding-mode control for a class of fourth-order nonlinear systems. Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul2013; 18(9): 2527–2539.
31.
RudraSBaraiRKMaitraM.Block backstepping design of nonlinear state feedback control law for underactuated mechanical systems. Singapore: Springer, 2017.
32.
LiuCGaoBZhaoJ, et al. Orbitally stabilizing control for the underactuated translational oscillator with rotational actuator system: design and experimentation. Proc IMechE, Part I: J Systems and Control Engineering2019; 233(5): 491–500.
33.
UllahSKhanQMehmoodA, et al. Integral backstepping integral sliding mode control of underactuated nonlinear electromechanical systems. Control Eng Appl Inf2019; 21(3): 42–50.
34.
YangFSongQWWangL, et al. Wind and wave disturbances compensation to floating offshore wind turbine using improved individual pitch control based on fuzzy control strategy. Abstr Appl Anal. Epub ahead of print 30 March 2014. DOI: 10.1155/2014/968384.
35.
RaachSSchlipfDSandnerF, et al. Nonlinear model predictive control of floating wind turbines with individual pitch control. In: American control conference, Portland, OR, 4–6 June 2014, pp.4434–4439. New York: IEEE.
36.
ZhangCTahoumiEGutierrezS, et al. Adaptive robust control of floating offshore wind turbine based on sliding mode. In: 58th conference on decision and control (CDC), Nice, France, 11–13 December 2019, pp.6936–6941. New York: IEEE.
