Abstract
The authors attempt to express the environmental impact of ships in one metric to allow engineering comparison or optimization of ships in terms of the environmental impact. Emissions are shown to be the most important environmental impact factor for ships. The model includes only emissions in the quantitative metric, but other factors are discussed qualitatively. Emissions depend decisively on ship speed and fuel quality. Estimates based on this metric show that using residual fuels for ship diesels causes globally much higher costs in terms of environmental damage than they save in operating cost.
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