Diagnostic definitions — metabolic syndrome

Reaven G. The metabolic syndrome or the insulin resistance syndrome? Different names, different concepts, and different goals. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 2004;33:283-303.

Himsworth HP Diabetes Mellitus: its differentiation into insulin-sensitive and insulin-insensitive types. Lancet 1936; Jan 18th: 5864-8.

Hales CN , Randle PJ Immunoassay of insulin with insulin-antibody precipitate. Biochem J 1963;88:137-46.

Marks V. An improved glucose-oxidase method for determining blood, C.S.F. and urine glucose levels. Clin Chim Acta 1959;4:395-400.

Reaven GM Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37:1595-607.

Alberti KG , Zimmet PZ Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 1998;15:539-53.

WHO Consultation. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva: World Health Organisation, Geneva; 1999. Report No. 99.2. (http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1999/WHO_NCD_NCS_99.2.pdf)

Balkau B. , Charles MA Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consultation. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). Diabet Med 1999;16:442-3.

Grundy SM , Brewer B. Jr , Cleeman JI et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome. Circulation 2004;109:433-8. (2004 guidelines at www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/cholesterol/atglance.pdf )

Einhorn D. , Reaven GM , Cobin RH et al. American College of Endocrinology position statement on the insulin resistance syndrome. Endocr Pract 2003;9:237-52.

The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome , 2005 http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/IDF_Metasyndrome_definition.pdf

Ford ES , Wayne HG , Mokdad AH Increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among U.S. Adults. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2444-9.

The DECODE Study Group. Comparison of three different definitions for the metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic Europeans. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2005;5:161-8.

Eckel RH , Scott MG , Zimmet PZ The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 2005; 365;1415-28.

Sattar N. , Tan CE , Han TS et al. Associations of indices of adiposity with atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998;22:432-9.

Goodpaster BH , Krishnaswami S. , Harris TB et al. Obesity, regional body fat distribution, and the metabolic syndrome in older men and women. Arch intern Med 2005;165:777-83.

Paradisi G. , Smith L. , Burnter C. et al. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry assessment of fat mass distribution and its association with the insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetes Care 1999;22:1310-17.

Wajchenberg BL Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome. Endocrine Revs 2000;21:697-738.

St-Onge M-P. , Janssen I. , Heymsfield SB Metabolic syndrome in North Americans. New definition of the metabolically obese, normal weight individual. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2222-8.

Matsuzawa Y. , Shimomura I. , Nakamura T. , Keno Y. , Kotani K. , Tokunaga K. Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of visceral fat obesity. Obes Res 1995;3:187S-194S.

Bailey CJ , Day C. New pharmacological approaches to obesity. Obesity in Practice 2005;1:2-5.

Padwal R. , Li SK , Lau DC Long-term pharmacotherapy for overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003;27:1437-46.

Day C. , Bailey CJ Sibutramine update. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2002;2: 392-7.

Wirth A. Reduction of body weight and co-morbidities by orlistat: The XXL-Primary Health Care Trial. Diabetes Obesity Metabol 2004;7:21-7.

Finer N. , Pagotto U. The endocannabinoid system: a new therapeutic target for cardiovascular risk factor management. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2005;5:121-4.

Van Gaal LF , Rissanen AM , Scheen AJ , Ziegler O. , Rossner S. ; RIO-Europe Study Group. Effects of the cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker rimonabant on weight reduction and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight patients: 1-year experience from the RIO-Europe study. Lancet 2005; 365:1389-97.

Stratus - US study results announced at American College of Cardiology Annual Meeting, New Orleans , March 9 2004. Press release, www.sanofi-synthelabo.com