ARBITER 2: targeting HDL to retard atherosclerosis progression

Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994;344:1383-9.

MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:7-22.

Cannon CP , Braunwald CE , McCabe CH et al., the Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 22 Investigators. Intensive versus Moderate Lipid Lowering with Statins after Acute Coronary Syndromes. N Engl J Med 2004 ;350:1495-504.

Pasternak RC , Smith SC, Jr , Bairey-Merz CN , Grundy SM , Cleeman JI , Lenfant C. , Writing Committee Members :. ACC/AHA/NHLBI Clinical Advisory on the Use and Safety of Statins. Circulation 2002;106:1024-8.

Castelli WP , Garrison RJ , Wilson PW , Abbott RD , Kalousdian S. , Kannel WB Incidence of coronary heart disease and lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The Framingham Study. JAMA 1986;256:2835-8.

Gordon T. , Castelli WP , Hjortland MC , Kannel WB , Dawber TR High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Am J Med 1977 ;62:707-14.

Rubins HB , Robins SJ , Collins D. et al., The Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group. Gemfibrozil for the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Men with Low Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol. N Engl J Med 1999;341:410-18.

Piepho RW The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of agents proven to raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Am J Cardiol 2000 ;86:35L-40L.

Canner PL , Berge KG , Wenger NK et al. Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: long-term benefit with niacin. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986 ;8:1245-55.

Taylor AJ , Sullenberger LE , Lee HJ , Lee JK , Grace KA Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol (ARBITER) 2: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Extended-Release Niacin on Atherosclerosis Progression in Secondary Prevention Patients Treated With Statins. Circulation 2004;110:3512-17.

Morgan JM , Capuzzi DM , Guyton JR A new extended-release niacin (Niaspan): efficacy, tolerability, and safety in hypercholesterolemic patients. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:29U-34U; discussion 39U-41U.

Assmann G. , Schulte H. , von Eckardstein A. , Huang Y. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of coronary heart disease risk. The PROCAM experience and pathophysiological implications for reverse cholesterol transport. Atherosclerosis 1996 ;124(suppl):S11-S20.

Rubins HB , Robins SJ , Collins D. et al. Distribution of Lipids in 8,500 Men With Coronary Artery Disease . Am J Cardiology 1995;75:1196-201.

Girman CJ , Rhodes T. , Mercuri M. et al. The metabolic syndrome and risk of major coronary events in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS). Am J Cardiol 2004;93:136-41.

Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002;106:3143-421.

Chapman MJ , Assmann G. , Fruchart JC , Shepherd J. , Sirtori C. Raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with reduction of cardiovascular risk: the role of nicotinic acid - a position paper developed by the European Consensus Panel on HDL-C. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:1253-68.

Taylor AJ , Kent SM , Flaherty PJ , Coyle LC , Markwood TT , Vernalis MN ARBITER: Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol: A Randomized Trial Comparing the Effects of Atorvastatin and Pravastatin on Carotid Intima Medial Thickness. Circulation 2002;106:2055-60.

Corti R. , Fuster V. , Fayad ZA et al. Lipid Lowering by Simvastatin Induces Regression of Human Atherosclerotic Lesions: Two Years' Follow-Up by High-Resolution Noninvasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Circulation High-Resolution Noninvasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging . Circulation 2002;106:2884-7.

Coronary Drug Project report on clofibrate and niacin. Atherosclerosis 1978;30:239-40.

Reaven P. , Witztum JL Lovastatin, nicotinic acid, and rhabdomyolysis. Ann Intern Med 1988;109:597-8.

Kashyap ML , McGovern ME , Berra K. et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of a once-daily niacin/lovastatin formulation for patients with dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiol 2002;89:672-8.

Tunaru S. , Kero J. , Schaub A. et al. PUMA-G and HM74 are receptors for nicotinic acid and mediate its anti-lipolytic effect. Nat Med 2003;9:352-5.

Jin F-Y. , Kamanna VS , Kashyap ML Niacin Decreases Removal of High-Density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein A-I But Not Cholesterol Ester by Hep G2 Cells : Implication for Reverse Cholesterol Transport. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:2020-8.

Rubic T. , Trottmann M. , Lorenz RL Stimulation of CD36 and the key effector of reverse cholesterol transport ATP-binding cassette A1 in monocytoid cells by niacin. Biochem Pharmacol 2004;67:411-19.

Burke GL , Evans GW , Riley WA et al. Arterial Wall Thickness Is Associated With Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in Middle-Aged Adults : The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Stroke 1995;26:386-91.

O'Leary DH , Polak JF , Kronmal RA , Manolio TA , Burke GL , Wolfson SK , The Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Carotid-Artery Intima and Media Thickness as a Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Older Adults. N Engl J Med 1999;340:14-22. 27. Choudhury RP , Rong JX , Trogan E. et al. High-Density Lipoproteins Retard the Progression of Atherosclerosis and Favorably Remodel Lesions Without Suppressing Indices of Inflammation or Oxidation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004;24:1904-09.