`Sociotype': a key determinant of diabetes health

Michelozzi P. , Perucci C. , Forastiere F. , Fusco D. , Ancona C. , Dell'Orco V. Inequality in health: socioeconomic differentials in mortality in Rome, 1990-95. J Epidemiol Community Health 1999;53:687-93.

Mao Y. , Hu J. , Ugnat A-M. , Semenciw R. , Fincham S. Socioeconomic status and lung cancer risk in Canada Int J Epidemiol 2001;30:809-17.

van Rossum CTM , Shipley MJ , van de Mheen H. , Grobbee DE , Marmot MG Employment grade differences in cause specific mortality. A 25 year follow up of civil servants from the first Whitehall study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000;54:178-84.

Steenland K. , Henley J. , Thun M. All-Cause and Cause-specific Death Rates by Educational Status for Two Million People in Two American Cancer Society Cohorts, 1959-1996. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:11-21.

Evans JMM , Newton RW , Ruta DA , MacDonald T. , Morris AD Socioeconomic status, obesity and prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2000;17:478-80.

Connolly V. , Unwin N. , Sherriff P. , Bilous R. , Kelly W. Diabetes prevalence and socioeconomic status: a population based study showing increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in deprived areas . J Epidemiol Community Health 2000;54:173-7.

Connolly VM , Kesson CM Socioeconomic status and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1996;19: 419-22.

Unwin N. , Binns D. , Elliott K. , Kelly WF The relationships between cardiovascular risk factors and socio-economic status in people with diabetes. Diabet Med 1996;13:72-9.

Roper NA , Bilous RW , Kelly WF , Unwin NC , Connolly VM Excess mortality in a population with diabetes and the impact of material deprivation: longitudinal, population based study. BMJ 2001;322:1389-93.

Facchini FS , Hollenbeck CB , Jeppesen J. , Chen Y. -D, Reaven G. Insulin resistance and cigarette smoking. Lancet 1992;339:1128-30.

Feskens EJ , Kromhout D. Cardiovascular risk factors and the 25 year incidence of diabetes mellitus in middle-aged men. Am J Epidemiol 1989; 130:1101-08.

Rimm EB , Manson JE , Stampfer MJ et al. Cigarette smoking and the risk of diabetes in women. Am J Public Health 1993;83:211-14.

Sallout B. , Walker M. The fetal origin of adult diseases. J Obstet Gynaecol 2003;23:555-60.

Health Survey for England 1994. Vol. 1 and 2. London: Joint Health Surveys Unit,HMSO Series HS No 4.

Adams PF , Benson V. Current estimates from the National Health Interview Study, 1989. Washington DC: National Centre for Health Statistics, 1990.

Rogot E. , Sorlie PD , Johnson NJ , Schmitt. A mortality study of 1.3 million persons by demographic, social and economic factors:1979-1985 . Follow up: National Institutes of Health, 1992.

Medalie JH , Papier C. , Herman JB et al. Diabetes mellitus among 10,000 adult men. I. Five-year incidence and associated variables. Isr J Med Sci 1974 ;10:681-97.

Stern MP , Rosenthal M. , Haffner SM , Hazuda HP , Franco LJ Sex difference in the effects of sociocultural status on diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican Americans: the San Antonio Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol 1984;120:834-51.

Barker DJP , Gardner MJ , Power C. Incidence of diabetes amongst people aged 18-50 years in nine British towns: a collaborative study. Diabetologia 1982;22:421-5.

Rose G. , Marmot MG Social class and coronary heart disease. Br Heart J 1981;45:13-19.

Carter JS , Pugh JA , Monterrosa A. Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Minorities in the United States . Ann Intern Med 1996;125: 221-32.

Jacobsen BK , Thelle DS Risk factors for coronary heart disease and level of education. The Tromso Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol 1988;127:923-32.

Millar WJ , Wigle DT Socioeconomic disparities in risk factors for cardiovascular disease . Can Med Assoc J 1986;134:127-32.

Matthews KA , Kelsey S. , Meilahn EN , Kuller LH , Wing RR Educational attainment and behavioral and biologic risk factors for coronary artery disease in middle-aged women. Am J Epidemiol 1989;129:1132-44.

Wilson TW , Kaplan GA , Kauhanen J. et al. The association between plasma fibrinogen concentration and five socioeconomic indices in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 137:292-300.

Potvin L. , Richard L. , Edwards AC Knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors among the Canadian population: relationships with indicators of socioeconomic status. CMAJ 2000;162:S5-11.

Robinson N. , Edouard L. , Diehl A. , Fuller J. Social class and risk factors for vascular disease in diabetes. Diabete Metab 1982;10:245-9.

Kaplan GA , Keil JE Socioeconomic factors and cardiovascualr disease: A review of the literature . Circulation 1993;88:1973-8.

Luepker RV , Rosamund WD , Murphy R. et al. Socioeconomic status and coronary heart disease risk factor trends. The Minnesota Heart Survey. Circulation 1993;88:2172-9.

Davey Smith G. , Neaton J. , Wentworth D. , Stamler R. , Stamler J. Mortality differences between black and white men in the USA: contribution of income and other risk factors among men screened for the MRFIT. Lancet 1998;351:934-9.

Barrett-Connor E. , Pyorala K. Long term complications: Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease. In: Ekoe J-M , Zimmet P , Williams R , eds. The Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus. An international perspective Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2001:301-18.

Orlander PR , Goff DC , Morrissey M. et al. The relation of diabetes to the severity of acute myocardial infarction and post-myocardial infarction survival in Mexican-Americans and Non-Hispanic whites: The Corpus Christi Heart Project . Diabetes 1994;43:897-902.

Chaturvedi N. , Jarrett J. , Shipley MJ , Fuller JH Socioeconomic gradient in morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes: cohort study findings from the Whitehall study and the WHO multinational study of vascular disease in diabetes. BMJ 1998;316:100-05.

Robinson N. , Lloyd CE , Stevens LK Social deprivation and mortality in adults with diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1998;15:205-12.

Roper NA South Tees Diabetes Mortality Study. Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology. Middlesbrough : University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2003.

Marmot M. Socioeconomic determinants of CHD mortality. Int J Epidemiol 1989;18:S196-202.

Baum A. , Garofalo JP , Yali AM Socioeconomic status and chronic stress. Does stress account for SES effects on health? Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999;896:131-44.

Spieker LE , Hurlimann D. , Ruschitzka F. et al. Mental stress induces prolonged endothelial dysfunction via endothelin-A receptors. Circulation 2002;105:2817-20.

Black PH , Garbutt LD Stress, inflammation and cardiovascular disease. J Psychosom Res 2002;52:1-23.

Rosmond R. , Bjorntorp P. Occupational status, cortisol secretory pattern, and visceral obesity in middle-aged men. Obes Res 2000;8:445-50.

Weaver JU Are we in danger from an epidemic of Cushing's syndrome? Nature knows its course. Clin Endocrinol 2001;55:719-21.