“Biculturation”: Transnational social workers navigating movement into indigenous space in Aotearoa New Zealand Based on 20 semi-structured interviews, participants identified their learning, including formal learning, learning through practice, and learning by being in relationship with Māori. Challenges identified by participants involved having little structured orientation to a new culture, feeling judged and significant cultural differences. Suggestions from participants to improve the process of transition include having a systemic approach to learning about the bicultural environment, provision of mandatory bicultural work induction and providing cultural supervision once in practice.
BartleyA (2018) Transnational social workers in Australia: Naivety in the transnational professional space. In: Bartley A and Beddoe L (eds) Transnational Social Work: Opportunities and Challenges of a Global Profession. Bristol: Bristol University Press, pp.89–106.
2.
BartleyABeddoeLDukeJ, et al. (2011) Crossing borders: Key features of migrant social workers in New Zealand. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work23(3): 16–30.
3.
BeddoeL (2018) Transnational social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand. In: Bartley A and Beddoe L (eds) Transnational Social Work: Opportunities and Challenges of a Global Profession. Bristol: Bristol University Press, pp.107–120.
4.
BerryJW (1990) Acculturation and adaptation: a general framework. In:. HoltzmanWHBornemannTH (eds) Mental Health of Immigrants and Refugees. Austin: Hogg Foundation for Mental Health, pp.90–102.
5.
BoshierP (2020) ‘He take kōhukihuki. A matter of urgency’. Investigation report into policies, practices and procedures for the removal of newborn pēpi by oranga tamariki, Ministry for Children. Report, august. New Zealand: The Office of the Ombudsman.
6.
BraunVClarkeV (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology3(2): 77–101.
7.
BrownMSansfaçonAÉthierS, et al. (2018) A complicated welcome: Social workers navigate policy, organisational contexts and sociocultural dynamics following migration to Canada. In: Bartley A and Beddoe L (eds) Transnational Social Work: Opportunities and Challenges of a Global Profession. Bristol: Bristol University Press, pp.55–72.
8.
CresswellJPothC (2016) Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. 4th ed.Thousand Oaks: Sage.
9.
DansoR (2018) Cultural competence and cultural humility: A critical reflection on key cultural diversity concepts. Journal of Social Work18(4): 410–430.
10.
DominelliL (2017) Anti-Racist Social Work Practice. 4th ed. London: Red Globe Press.
11.
FouchéCBeddoeLBartleyA, et al. (2013) Enduring professional dislocation: Migrant social workers’ perceptions of their professional roles. British Journal of Social Work44(7): 2004–2022.
12.
FouchéCBeddoeLBartleyA, et al. (2015) Are we ready for them? Overseas-qualified social workers’ professional cultural transition. European Journal of Social Work19(1): 106–119.
13.
Greene-MotonEMinklerM (2020) Cultural competence or cultural humility? Moving beyond the debate. Health Promotion Practice21(1): 142–145.
14.
HannaSLyonsK (2018) The experience of transnational social workers in England: Some findings from research. In: Bartley A and Beddoe L (eds) Transnational Social Work: Opportunities and Challenges of a Global Profession. Bristol: Bristol University Press, pp.73–88.
15.
Hollis-EnglishA (2016) Working with non-Indigenous colleagues: Coping mechanisms for Māori social workers. Indigenous Social Work Journal10: 71–84.
HyslopIKeddellE (2018) Outing the elephants: Exploring a new paradigm for child protection social work. Social Sciences7(7): 105.
18.
JuangLPSyedM (2019) The evolution of acculturation and development models for understanding immigrant children and youth adjustment. Child Development Perspectives13(4): 241–246.
19.
KeddellE (2015) The ethics of predictive risk modelling in the Aotearoa/New Zealand child welfare context: Child abuse prevention or neo-liberal tool?Critical Social Policy35(1): 69–88.
20.
KingM (2003) The Penguin History of New Zealand. Auckland: Penguin Group.
21.
LyonsK (2018) Opportunities and challenges of a global profession: An international perspective. In: Bartley A and Beddoe L (eds) Transnational Social Work: Opportunities and Challenges of a Global Profession. Bristol: Bristol University Press, pp.73–88.
22.
Māori Perspective Advisory Committee (1988). Puao-te-Ata-tu (day break): The Report of the Ministerial Advisory Committee on a Māori Perspective for the Department of Social Welfare. Wellington: Department of Social Welfare.
23.
ModdermanCThrelkeldGMcPhersonL (2017) Transnational social workers in statutory child welfare: A scoping review. Children and Youth Services Review81: 21–28.
24.
ModdermanCThrelkeldGMcPhersonL (2020) Transnational social workers’ lived experience in statutory child protection. European Journal of Social Work23(4): 645–657.
25.
MunfordRSandersJ (2011) Embracing the diversity of practice: Indigenous knowledge and mainstream social work practice. Journal of Social Work Practice25(1): 63–77.
O’DonoghueKTsuiM (2012) Towards a professional supervision culture: The development of social work supervision in Aotearoa New Zealand. International Social Work55(1): 5–28.
28.
OrangeC (1987) The Treaty of Waitangi. Wellington: Allen & Unwin.
29.
PatilTMummeryJ (2020) Doing diversity’ in a social work context: Reflecting on the use of critical reflection in social work education in an Australian university. Social Work Education39(7): 893–906.
30.
PeterSBartleyABeddoeE (2019) Transnational social workers’ transition into receiving countries: What lessons can be learned from nursing and teaching?European Journal of Social Work22(1): 16–29.
31.
PeterSBeddoeLBartleyA (2020) Navigating the territories of transition: An exploration of the experiences of transnational social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand. International Social Work: 002087282095626. Epub ahead of print September 2020. doi:10.1177/0020872820956261
32.
Pullen-SansfaçonABrownMGrahamJ (2012) International migration of professional social workers: Toward a theoretical framework for understanding professional adaptation processes. Social Development Issues34(2): 37–50.
33.
RuwhiuL (2009) Indigenous issues in New Zealand. In ConnollyMHarmsL (eds.) Social Work. Contexts and Practice. 2nd ed.South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, pp.107–120.
34.
Social Workers Registration Act (2003), s.7 (a, i) (c, ii)
35.
Social Workers Registration Board (2018) Criteria for Section 7 Registration. Wellington: Author.
36.
StaniforthBConnorH (2021) The Koru Model: The stages of biculturation for foreign trained social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work. In press
37.
StaniforthBDellowSCSchefferC (2021) What creates the public’s perception of social work and how can we improve it?Qualitative Social Work (February 2021) doi:10.1177/: 147332502199210.
38.
StaniforthBFouchéCO'BrienM (2011) Still doing what we do: Defining social work in the 21st century. Journal of Social Work11(2): 191–208.
The Truth and Reconciliation Committee of Canada (2015) Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future: Summary of the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Ottawa: Government of Canada.
43.
WardC (2008) Thinking outside the berry boxes: New perspectives on identity, acculturation and intercultural relations. International Journal of Intercultural Relations32(2): 105–111.
44.
YuN (2018) Interrogating social work: Australian social work and the stolen generations. Journal of Social Work19(6): 736–750.
