This prospective, randomized, controlled study evaluated plasma levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Forty patients were randomized to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) or open cholecystectomy (OC). Plasma concentrations of IL-18 and MCP-1 were measured before anaesthesia (T0), before operation (T1), 30 min after the start of the operation (T2) and at the end of the operation (T3). Compared with T0, the IL-18 concentration was significantly increased at T2 and T3 in both groups. In addition, the MCP-1 concentration was significantly increased at T3 compared with T0 in the LC group. Both the IL-18 and MCP-1 concentrations were significantly lower in the OC group than in the LC group at T3. It is suggested that carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum may cause immunodepression, that epidural anaesthesia can attenuate the stress response, and that IL-18 and MCP-1 are sensitive markers for evaluating the patient's immune function.
MüheE: Die erste Cholecystektomie durch das Laparoskop. Langenbecks Arch Chir1986; 369: 369 [in German].
2.
SpelsbergFWNusserFHüttlTK: Management of cholecysto- and choledocholithiasis–survey and analysis of 16615 cholecystectomies and common bile duct explorations in Bavaria. Zentralbl Chir2009; 134: 120–126 [in German].
3.
SchwenkWJacobiCMansmannU: Inflammatory response after laparoscopic and conventional colorectal resections–results of a prospective randomized trial. Langenbecks Arch Surg2000; 385: 2–9.
4.
LeeSWWhelanRL: Immunologic and oncologic implications of laparoscopic surgery: What is the latest?. Clin Colon Rectal Surg2006; 19: 5–12.
5.
BesslerMWhelanRLHalversonA: Is immune function better preserved after laparoscopic versus open colon resection?. Surg Endosc1994; 8: 881–883.
6.
WichmannMWHüttlTPWinterH: Immunological effects of laparoscopic vs open colorectal surgery: A prospective clinical study. Arch Surg2005; 140: 692–697.
7.
KeatsAS: The ASA classification of physical status–a recapitulation. Anesthesiology1978; 49: 233–236.
8.
KehletHNielsenHJ: Impact of laparoscopic surgery on stress responses, immunofunction, and risk of infectious complications. New Horiz1998; 6 (2 suppl): S80–S88.
9.
CareyPDWakefieldCHThayebA: Effects of minimally invasive surgery on hypochlorous acid production by neutrophils. Br J Surg1994; 81: 557–560.
10.
BollaGTuzzatoG: Immunologic postoperative competence after laparoscopy versus laparotomy. Surg Endosc2003; 17: 1247–1250.
11.
LeungKLLaiPBHoRL: Systemic cytokine response after laparoscopic-assisted resection of rectosigmoid carcinoma: A prospective randomized trial. Ann Surg2000; 231: 506–511.
12.
WhelanRLFranklinMHolubarSD: Postoperative cell mediated immune response is better preserved after laparoscopic versus open colorectal resection in humans. Surg Endosc2003; 17: 972–978.
13.
KuntzCWunschABayF: Prospective randomized study of stress and immune response after laparoscopic vs conventional colonic resection. Surg Endosc1998; 12: 963–967.
14.
WichmannMWMeyerGAngeleMK: Recent advances in minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery. Onkologie2002; 25: 318–323.
15.
BragaMVignaliAGianottiL: Laparoscopic versus open colorectal surgery: A randomized trial on short-term outcome. Ann Surg2002; 236: 759–766.
16.
SaloM: Effects of anaesthesia and surgery on the immune response. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand1992; 36: 201–220.
17.
ShigemitsuYSaitoTKinoshitaT: Influence of surgical stress on bactericidal activity of neutrophils and complications of infection in patients with esophageal cancer. J Surg Oncol1992; 50: 90–97.
18.
CastellheimAHoelTNVidemV: Biomarker profile in off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in low-risk patients. Ann Thorac Surg2008; 85: 1994–2002.
19.
LotanDZilbermanDDaganO: β-Chemokine secretion patterns in relation to clinical course and outcome in children after cardiopulmonary bypass: Continuing the search to abrogate systemic inflammatory response. Ann Thorac Surg2001; 71: 233–237.
20.
KumarRACannCHallJE: Predictive value of IL-18 and SC5b-9 for neurocognitive dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass. Br J Anaesth2007; 98: 317–322.
21.
OkamuraHTsutsiHKomatsuT: Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-γ production by T cells. Nature1995; 378: 88–91.
22.
PomerantzBJReznikovLLHarkenAH: Inhibition of caspase 1 reduces human myocardial ischemic dysfunction via inhibition of IL-18 and IL-1β. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2001; 98: 2871–2876.
23.
SchmidtOIMorganti-KossmannMCHeydeCE: Tumor necrosis factor-mediated inhibition of interleukin-18 in the brain: A clinical and experimental study in head-injured patients and in a murine model of closed head injury. J Neuroinflammation2004; 1: 13.
24.
HeMCornelisMCKraftP: Genome-wide association study identifies variants at the IL18-BCO2 locus associated with interleukin-18 levels. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol2010; 30: 885–890.
25.
ThompsonSRMcCaskiePABeilbyJP: IL18 haplotypes are associated with serum IL-18 concentrations in a population-based study and a cohort of individuals with premature coronary heart disease. Clin Chem2007; 53: 2078–2085.
26.
MicallefMJYoshidaKKawaiS: In vivo antitumor effects of murine interferon-gamma-inducing factor/interleukin-18 in mice bearing syngeneic Meth A sarcoma malignant ascites. Cancer Immunol Immunother1997; 43: 361–367.
27.
TartterPISteinbergBBarronDM: The prognostic significance of natural killer cytotoxicity in patients with colorectal cancer. Arch Surg1987; 122: 1264–1268.
28.
McBrideWTArmstrongMACrockardAD: Cytokine balance and immunosuppressive changes at cardiac surgery: Contrasting response between patients and isolated CPB circuits. Br J Anaesth1995; 75: 724–733.
29.
CaputoMAlwairHRogersCA: Myocardial, inflammatory, and stress responses in off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery with thoracic epidural anesthesia. Ann Thorac Surg2009; 87: 1119–1126.
30.
YadavalliGKChienJWWenerKM: Interleukin 12 and interferon-γ synthetic deficiency is associated with dendritic cell cytopenia after cardiac surgery. Shock2005; 24: 26–33.
31.
OrdemannJJacobiCASchwenkW: Cellular and humoral inflammatory response after laparoscopic and conventional colorectal resections. Surg Endosc2001; 15: 600–608.
32.
TartterPI: Preoperative lymphocyte subsets and infectious complications after colorectal cancer surgery. Surgery1988; 103: 226–230.
33.
TangCLEuKWTaiBC: Randomized clinical trial of the effect of open versus laparoscopically assisted colectomy on systemic immunity in patients with colorectal cancer. Br J Surg2001; 88: 801–807.
34.
GuptaAWatsonDI: Effect of laparoscopy on immune function. Br J Surg2001; 88: 1296–1306.
ShawDMSutherlandAMRussellJA: Novel polymorphism of interleukin-18 associated with greater inflammation after cardiac surgery. Crit Care2009; 13: R9.
37.
TangQFQianYNQiuYH: Effects of preemptive intravenous lornoxicam on the analgesic efficacy of epidural morphine and expression of chemokines in women undergoing hysterectomy. Curr Ther Res2009; 70: 1–9.
38.
RisnesIUelandTLundbladR: Changes in the cytokine network and complement parameters during open heart surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg2003; 2: 19–24.
39.
ReligaPGrudzinskaMKBojakowskiK: Host-derived smooth muscle cells accumulate in cardiac allografts: Role of inflammation and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. PLoS One2009; 4: e4187.
