We argue that antifragility is a valuable and contentful goal for planning. We present a possible definition and outline the tenets and essential properties of an antifragile planning and compare it with approaches of urban resilience. We further present an argument for the legitimacy of an antifragile planning, by exploring its possible conceptualisation in terms of the capability approach. Hence the recommendation to incorporate antifragility into planning practice and content.
AcemogluDRobinsonJA (2012) Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. New York: Crown Publishing Group.
2.
AhernJ (2011) From fail-safe to safe-to-fail: Sustainability and resilience in the new urban world. Landscape and Urban Planning100(4): 341–343.
3.
AlbrechtsL (2010) More of the same is not enough! How could strategic spatial planning be instrumental in dealing with the challenges ahead?Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design37(6): 1115–1127.
4.
AlbrechtsLBalducciA (2013) Practicing strategic planning: In search of critical features to explain the strategic character of plans. disP – The Planning Review49(3): 16–27.
5.
AlexanderERMazzaLMoroniS (2012) Planning without plans? Nomocracy or teleocracy for social-spatial ordering. Progress in Planning77(2): 37–87.
6.
AlfasiN (2018) The coding turn in urban planning: Could it remedy the essential drawbacks of planning?Planning Theory17(3): 375–395.
7.
AlfasiNPortugaliJ (2007) Planning rules for a self-planned city. Planning Theory6(2): 164–182.
8.
AndersonPW (1972) More is different. Science177(4047): 393–396.
9.
AnsarAFlyvbjergBBudzierA, et al. (2017) Big is fragile. In: FlyvbjergB (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 60–95.
10.
BastaC (2016) From justice in planning toward planning for justice: A capability approach. Planning Theory15(2): 190–212.
11.
BattyM (2007) Cities and Complexity: Understanding Cities with Cellular Automata, Agent-Based Models, and Fractals. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
12.
BlečićI (2013) Costruzione degli scenari per la pianificazione. Milan: FrancoAngeli.
13.
BlečićICecchiniA (2016) Verso Una Pianificazione Antifragile: Come Pensare al Futuro Senza Prevederlo. Milan: FrancoAngeli.
14.
BlečićICecchiniA (2017) On the antifragility of cities and of their buildings. City, Territory and Architecture4(1): 3.
15.
BlečićICecchiniATaluV (2013) The capability approach in urban quality of life and urban policies: Towards a conceptual framework. In: SerreliS (ed.) City Project and Public Space. Urban and Landscape Perspectives, vol. 14. Dordrecht: Springer.
16.
BlečićICecchiniATaluV (2018) Capability approach and urban planning: Fertile urban capabilities and quality of urban life of the most disadvantaged inhabitants. Archivio di Studi Urbani e Regionali48(122): 34–52.
17.
BrandS (1994) How Buildings Learn: What Happens after They’re Built. New York: Viking Press.
18.
BrighouseHRobeynsI (2010) Measuring Justice: Primary Goods and Capabilities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
19.
CarpenterSWalkerBAnderiesJM, et al. (2001) From metaphor to measurement: Resilience of what to what?Ecosystems4(8): 765–781.
20.
ChettiparambA (2019) Responding to a complex world: Explorations in spatial planning. Planning Theory18(4): 429–447.
21.
CozzolinoS (2018) Reconsidering urban spontaneity and flexibility after Jane Jacobs: How do they work under different kinds of planning conditions?Cosmos + Taxis5(3): 12.
22.
DavoudiSPorterL (eds) (2012) Applying the resilience perspective to planning: Critical thoughts from theory and practice. Planning Theory & Practice13(2): 299–333.
23.
DavoudiSBrooksEMehmoodA (2013) Evolutionary resilience and strategies for climate adaptation. Planning Practice and Research28(3): 307–322.
24.
De RooGHillierJ (2012) Complexity and Planning: Systems, Assemblages and Simulations. London: Routledge.
25.
DuitA (2016) Resilience thinking: Lessons for public administration. Public Administration94(2): 364–380.
26.
DupuyJ-P (2014) Economy and the Future: A Crisis of Faith. East Lansing, MI: MSU Press.
27.
EllermanD (2005) How do we grow? : Jane Jacobs on diversification and specialization. Challenge48(3): 50–83.
28.
FlyvbjergB (ed.) (2017) The Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management (Oxford Handbooks). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
29.
FlyvbjergBBruzeliusNRothengatterW (2003) Megaprojects and Risk: An Anatomy of Ambition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
30.
FuscoGCaglioniMEmsellemK, et al. (2017) Questions of uncertainty in geography. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space49(10): 2261–2280.
31.
GodetM (2001) Creating Futures: Scenario Planning as a Strategic Management Tool. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
HakimBS (2014) Mediterranean Urbanism: Historic Urban / Building Rules and Processes. Berlin: Springer.
34.
HilierJ (2012) Baroque complexity: ‘If things were simple, word would have gotten round’. In: de RooGHillierJ (eds) Complexity and Planning: Systems, Assemblages and Simulations. London: Routledge, 37–73.
35.
IngramGKHongY (eds) (2012) Value Capture and Land Policies: Proceedings of the 2011 Land Policy Conference. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
36.
InnesJEBooherDEBooherDE (2010) Planning with Complexity: An Introduction to Collaborative Rationality for Public Policy. London: Routledge.
37.
JacobsJ (1961) The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House.
38.
JohnsonS (2010) Where Good Ideas Come from. New York: Riverhead Books.
39.
KatoSAhernJ (2008) ‘Learning by doing’: Adaptive planning as a strategy to address uncertainty in planning. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management51(4): 543–559.
40.
KolersA (2016) Resilience as a political ideal. Ethics, Policy and Environment19(1): 91–107.
41.
Las CasasGScorzaF (2017) A renewed rational approach from liquid society towards anti-fragile planning. In: GervasiOMurganteBMisraS, et al (eds) Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 517–526.
42.
MandelbrotB (1982) The Fractal Geometry of Nature. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.
43.
MeerowSNewellJPStultsM (2016) Defining urban resilience: A review. Landscape and Urban Planning147: 38–49.
44.
MoroniS (2010) Rethinking the theory and practice of land-use regulation: Towards nomocracy. Planning Theory9(2): 137–155.
45.
MoroniS (2015a) Complexity and the inherent limits of explanation and prediction: Urban codes for self-organising cities. Planning Theory14(3): 248–267.
46.
MoroniS (2015b) Libertà e innovazione nella città sostenibile: ridurre lo spreco di energie umane. Roma: Carocci.
47.
MoroniS (2019) Constitutional and post-constitutional problems: Reconsidering the issues of public interest, agonistic pluralism and private property in planning. Planning Theory18(1): 5–23.
48.
MoroniSCozzolinoS (2019) Action and the city. Emergence, complexity, planning. Cities90: 42–51.
49.
PickettSTACadenassoMLGroveJM (2004) Resilient cities: Meaning, models, and metaphor for integrating the ecological, socio-economic, and planning realms. Landscape and Urban Planning69(4): 369–384.
50.
PortugaliJ (2000) Self-Organization and the City (Springer Series in Synergetics). Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
51.
PortugaliJ (2006) Complexity theory as a link between space and place. Environment and Planning A38(4): 647–664.
52.
PortugaliJ (2008) Learning from paradoxes about prediction and planning in self-organizing cities. Planning Theory7(3): 248–262.
53.
PortugaliJ (2012) Complexity theories of cities: Achievements, criticism and potentials. In: PortugaliJMeyerHStolkE, et al. (eds) Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age. Berlin: Springer, 47–62.
54.
PortugaliJMeyerHStolkE, et al. (eds) (2012) Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age: An Overview with Implications to Urban Planning and Design. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
55.
RauwsW (2017) Embracing uncertainty without abandoning planning. disP – The Planning Review53(1): 32–45.
56.
RawlsJ (1996) Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.
SandelMJ (2012) What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. London: Macmillan.
59.
SchumpeterJA (1942) Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York: Harper & Brothers.
60.
SenA (2009) The Idea of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
61.
SilvaP (2016) Tactical urbanism: Towards an evolutionary cities’ approach?Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design43(6): 1040–1051.
62.
SimmieJMartinR (2010) The economic resilience of regions: Towards an evolutionary approach. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society3(1): 27–43.
63.
SkrimizeaEHaniotouHParraC (2018) On the ‘complexity turn’ in planning: An adaptive rationale to navigate spaces and times of uncertainty. Planning Theory18: 122–142.
64.
SwanstromT (2008) Regional resilience: A critical examination of the ecological framework. Working Paper 2008-07, 25April. Berkeley, CA: Institute of Urban and Regional Development (IURD), University of California.
65.
TalebNN (2012) Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder. 1st edn.New York: Random House.
66.
WohlS (2018) Tactical urbanism as a means of testing relational processes in space: A complex systems perspective. Planning Theory17(4): 472–493.
67.
ZellnerMCampbellSD (2015) Planning for deep-rooted problems: What can we learn from aligning complex systems and wicked problems?Planning Theory & Practice16(4): 457–478.