In the time of war and military occupation, it is possible for planning to articulate
an ethics of disavowal and refusal. However, when empire involves much more than
war, when empire also involves reconstruction, renewal, aid, and democracy, then it
is much more difficult for planning to opt out of this liberal moral order. Situated
at the heart of empire, that is, in America, this article explores some of these
dilemmas of praxis and thereby the limits of liberalism. Drawing upon Marxist
theory, cultural studies, and postcolonial critique, it makes a case for an ethics
of ‘doubleness’, one where benevolence can be recognized as
Othering but also where complicity can be transformed into subversion.
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