With the development of Internet of Things technology, blockchain consensus technology has been extensively applied in various fields. To address the low efficiency in blockchain consensus, the research proposes a clustering blockchain consensus algorithm. The new algorithm reduces the communication complexity through the hierarchical network architecture and dynamic clustering mechanism, and optimizes the consensus process by combining the node reputation evaluation model. Moreover, the algorithm innovatively introduces cyclic redundancy check technology to enhance data validation. The research results showed that the new algorithm significantly improved the consensus efficiency of blockchain in wireless sensor networks. The block generation delay was only 338 ms, and the average throughput reached 793. This is better than that of the “Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance based on Evaluation and Voting Mechanism” (0.45%, 398.5 ms, and 738). Under high load conditions, the probability of transaction authentication failure was 0.38%. The new algorithm can significantly improve the efficiency of blockchain consensus through clustering and network layering, which is significant for the development of blockchain in wireless sensor network areas.
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