Construction of a mathematical model for the optimal design of mechanical components considering material fatigue properties

Abstract

With the increasing requirements of performance and reliability of mechanical equipment, how to improve the performance and life of mechanical components through optimal design has become a key research topic. Failure to combine material fatigue properties in the design of mechanical components can easily lead to overestimation of fatigue life in areas with complex loads and multi-axial stress states. This article combined material fatigue properties with the optimal design of mechanical components to design a mathematical model that takes into account fatigue life, mechanical properties and design cost, and realized the all-round optimal design of mechanical components in practical applications. This article used a standardized S-N curve to describe the fatigue behavior of materials, and used von Mises stress to uniformly describe the fatigue response under multi-axial stress states. At the same time, constraints such as strength, stiffness, and cost are introduced into the model to ensure the comprehensiveness and operability of the design. In the solution process, the genetic algorithm was used for iterative optimization. By comparing the convergence speed and stability of different algorithms, the optimal design parameters were finally obtained, ensuring the full optimization of mechanical components. The experimental results show that the service life of the sling twist lock was increased from 24,000 hours to 48,221 hours through the structural optimization design. This article established an optimization design mathematical model that comprehensively considered the fatigue characteristics of materials, providing a new theoretical basis and practical reference for engineers to achieve the reliability and economy of mechanical components under complex load conditions.