The present study examines the long-term effects of a 10-session cognitive behavioural group therapy for patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their significant others 6 to 8 months after completion of the intervention. Forty-seven MCI patients and 47 significant others participated in the follow-up assessment. Results of the RAND-36, Illness Cognition Questionnaire, IQCODE, GDS-15 and Sense of Competence Questionnaire at follow-up were compared with the post-intervention assessment. Our findings showed that the increased level of acceptance in the MCI patients was maintained at follow-up, with an increased insight into their cognitive decline compared with post-intervention assessment (p < 0.001). In both the patients and the significant others, helplessness and wellbeing were worse at follow up (p < 0.05), but sense of competence increased in the significant others (p < 0.05). These results indicate a need for extension of the support after completion of the program, for example by providing regular booster sessions.
BerwigM.LeichtH.GertzH. J. (2009). Critical evaluation of self-rated quality of life in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease-Further evidence for the impact of anosognosia and global cognitive impairment. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 13, 226–230.
2.
BrodathyH.GreenA.KoA. (2003). Meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for caregivers of people with dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51, 657–664.
3.
BruceJ. M.BhallaR.WesterveltH. J.DavisJ.WilliamsV.TremontG. (2008). Neuropsychological correlates of self-reported depression and self-reported cognition among patients with mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 21, 34–40.
4.
BruscoliM.LovestoneS. (2004). Is MCI really just early dementia? A systematic review of conversion studies. International Psychogeriatrics, 16, 129–140.
5.
ClareL. (2004). Awareness in early-stage Alzheimer's disease: A review of methods and evidence. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 177–196.
6.
CohenJ. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences, 2nd edition. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
7.
DekkersM.Joosten-Weyn BanninghE. W. A.ElingP. A. T. M. (2009). Ziekte-inzicht bij patiënten met een lichte cognitieve stoornis (MCI). Tijdschrift voor Gerontologie Geriatrie, 40, 17–23.
8.
De JongheJ. F. M.SchmandB.OomsM. E.RibbeM. W. (1997). Verkorte Informantvragenlijst over cognitieve achteruitgang bij ouderen. Tijdschrift voor Gerontologie en Geriatrie, 28, 224–229.
9.
EversA. W. M.KraaimaatF. W.Van LankveldW.JongenP. H. J.JacobsW. W. G.BijlsmaJ. W. J. (2001). Beyond unfavorable thinking: Illness Cognition Questionnaire for chronic diseases. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 1026–1036.
10.
FolsteinM. F.FolsteinS. E.McHughP. R. (1975). “Mini-Mental State”: Practical methodforgrading cognitive state of patients for clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.
11.
HerrmanN.MittmannN.SilverI. L.ShulmanK. I.BustoU. A.ShearN. H. (1996). A validation study of the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11, 457–460.
12.
JeanL.SimardM.WiederkehrS.BergeronM. E.TurgeonY.HudonC. (2010). Efficacy of a cognitive training programme for mild cognitive impairment: results of a randomised controlled study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 20, 377–405.
13.
Joosten-Weyn BanninghL. W. A.KesselsR. P. C.Olde RikkertM. G. M.Geleijns-LantingC. E.KraaimaatF. W. (2008). A cognitive behavioural group therapy for patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and their significant others: feasibility and preliminary results. Clinical Rehabilitation, 22, 731–740.
14.
Joosten-Weyn BanninghL. W. A.PrinsJ. B.Vernooij-DassenM. J. F. J.WijnenH.Olde RikkertM. G. M.KesselsR. P. C. (2010). Group therapy for patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and their significant others: Results of a waiting-list controlled trial. Gerontology, in press.
15.
Joosten-Weyn BanninghL. W. A.Vernooij-DassenM. J. F. J.Olde RikkertM. G. M.TeunisseJ. P. (2008). Mild cognitive impairment: Coping with an uncertain label. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23, 148–154.
16.
Joosten-Weyn BanninghL. W. A.Vernooij-DassenM. J. F. J.VullingsM.PrinsJ. B.Olde RikkertM. G. M.KesselsR. P. C. (2011). Learning to live with a partner with MCI: Results of a waiting-list controlled trial on group therapy for patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and their significant others. Manuscript submitted for publication.
17.
KeijsersG. P. J.KampmanM.HoogduinC. A. L. (2001). Dropout prediction in cognitive behavior therapy for panic disorder. Behavior Therapy, 32, 739–749.
18.
KinsellaG. J.MullalyE.RandE.OngB.BurtonC.PriceS. (2009). Early intervention for mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 80, 730–736.
19.
KoltaiD. C.Welsh-BohmerK. A.SchmechelD. E. (2001). Influence of anosognosia on treatment outcome among dementia patients. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 11, 455–475.
20.
MoffatS.WhiteM.MackintoschJ.HowelD. (2006). Using quantitative and qualitative data in health services research – what happens when mixed method findings conflict?BMC Health Services Research, 6, 28–38.
21.
PanzaF.D'IntronoA.ColaciccoA. M.CapursoC.ParigiA.CaselliR. J. (2005). Current epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment and other predementia syndromes. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13, 633–644.
22.
PetersenR. C. (2004). Mild cognitive impairment as diagnostic entity. Journal of Internal Medicine, 256, 183–194.
23.
PetersenR. C.DoodyR.KurzA.MohsR. C.MorrisJ. C.RabinsP. V. (2001). Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Archives of Neurology, 58, 1985–1992.
24.
RappS.BrenesG.MarshA. P. (2002). Memory enhancement training for older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a preliminary study. Aging and Mental Health, 6, 5–11.
25.
RyanK. A.WeldonA.HubyN. M.PersadC.BhaumikA. K.HeidebrinkJ. L. (2010). Caregiver support service needs for patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 24, 171–176.
26.
SnyderL.QuayhagenM. P.ShepherdS.BowerD. (1995). Supportive seminar groups: An intervention for early stage dementia patients. Gerontologist, 35, 691–695.
27.
TroyerA. K.MurphyK. J.AndersonN. D.MoscovitchM.CraikF. I. M. (2008). Changing everyday memory behaviour in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 18, 65–88.
28.
Van der ElstW.Van BoxtelM. P.van BreukelenG. J.JollesJ. (2005). Rey's verbal learning test: Normative data for 1855 healthy participants aged 24–81 years and the influence of age, sex, education, and mode of presentation. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 11, 290–302.
29.
Van der ZeeK. I.SandermanR. (1993). Het meten van de algemene gezondheidstoestand met de RAND-36: Een handleiding. Groningen: Noordelijk Centrum voor Gezondheidsvraagstukken.
30.
Vernooij-DassenM.PersoonJ. M.FrelingA. J. (1996). Predictors of sense of competence in caregivers of demented individuals. Social Sciences and Medicine, 43, 41–49.
31.
WhitehouseP. J.MoodyH. R. (2006). Mild cognitive impairment: A ‘hardening of the categories'?Dementia, 5, 11–25.
