Abstract
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Aitken
M
(2023 ) The real threat from AI . New Scientist , 258 (3445 ), 21 . DOI: 10.1016/S0262-4079(23)01186-7
2.
Ananya
(2024 ) AI image generators often give racist and sexist results: can they be fixed? Nature , 627 : 722 –725 . https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00674-9 (accessed 22 April 2024) .
3.
Barrera
J
Leung
A
(2021 ) AI Has a Racism Problem, but Fixing it Is Complicated, Say Experts . https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/artificial-intelligence-racism-bias-1.6027150 (accessed 23 April 2024) .
4.
Birhane
A
(2023 ) Algorithmic colonization of Africa . In:
Imagining
AI
(ed) How the World Sees Intelligent Machines . Oxford : Oxford University Press , pp 247 –260 . https://academic.oup.com/book/46567/chapter/408130272 (accessed 22 April 2024) .
5.
Cave
S
Dihal
K
(2020 ) The whiteness of AI . Philosophy & Technology 33 (4 ): 685 –703 .
6.
Centre for AI Safety
(2023 ) Statement on AI risk . https://www.safe.ai/work/statement-on-ai-risk (accessed 22 April 2024) .
7.
Clarno
A
(2017 ) Neoliberal Apartheid: Palestine/Israel and South Africa after 1994 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
8.
Eysenck
HJ
(1971 ) Race, Intelligence and Education . London : Temple Smith .
9.
Frankenberg
R
(2001 ) Mirage of an unmarked whiteness . In:
Rasmussen
BB
Klinenberg
E
Nexica
IJ
, et al. (eds) 2001, the Making and Unmaking of Whiteness . Durham, NC : Duke Univ. Press , 72 –96 .
10.
Jackson
T
(2021 ) Should counter-narratives be our output in cross-cultural management scholarship? International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 2 (2 ): 175 –179 .
11.
Jackson
T
(2022 ) Should we measure cultural intelligence? International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 22 (2 ): 209 –212 .
12.
Kwet
M
(2019 ) Smart CCTV networks are driving an AI-powered apartheid in South Africa . Vice . https://privacyinafrica.com/2019/11/25/smart-cctv-networks-are-driving-an-ai-powered-apartheid-in-south-africa/ (accessed 22 April 2024) .
13.
Larson
J
Mattu
S
Kirchner
L
, et al. (2016 ) How we analyzed the COMPAS recidivism algorithm . ProPublica . https://www.propublica.org/article/how-we-analyzed-the-compas-recidivism-algorithm (accessed 22 April 2024) .
14.
Martschenko
D
(2018 ) The IQ test wars: why screening for intelligence is still so controversial . The Conversation . https://theconversation.com/the-iq-test-wars-why-screening-for-intelligence-is-still-so-controversial-81428 (accessed 23 April 2024) .
15.
McDermott
M
Samson
FL
(2005 ) White racial and ethnic identity in the United States . Annual Review of Sociology 31 : 245 –261 .
16.
Shah
D
(2023 ) The beginner's guide to hallucinations in large language models . Lakera . https://www.lakera.ai/blog/guide-to-hallucinations-in-large-language-models#:∼:text=One_significant_issue_is_their,trust_placed_in_these_models (accessed 23 April 2024) .
17.
Tobitt
C
(2024 ) Who’s suing AI and who’s signing: publisher deals vs lawsuits with generative AI companies . Press Gazette . https://pressgazette.co.uk/platforms/news-publisher-ai-deals-lawsuits-openai-google/ (accessed 23 April 2024) .
18.
Vock
I
(2022 ) Chat GPT proves that AI still has a racism problem . New Statesman . https://www.newstatesman.com/thestaggers/2022/12/chatgpt-shows-ai-racism-problem (accessed 23 April 2024) .