During the last decade, archaeologists have written with steadily increasing
frequency about processes of class and state formation that occurred in various
precapitalist societies. While some have focused on the origins of states, others
have considered the reorganizations that took place in the wake of the expansion of
territorially based states. Many acknowledge a causal connection between social
stratification and the state, even though they disagree about the nature of the
state, social hierarchies and their linkages. While this article adopts an
explicitly Marxist interpretation of the interconnections between the processes of
class and state formation, on the one hand, and class conflict, on the other, it is
also concerned with archaism as a related phenomenon. Its thesis is that archaism -
those attempts to imitate or revive past symbols, styles, institutions and
practices, to incorporate the old into new contexts - is often an integral feature
of class and state formation and the struggles that ensue in such contexts.
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