The performance of a turbocharged diesel engine deteriorates during transient operating conditions due to the common phenomenon of turbo-lag. As reported in the literature, air injection is an effective technique to improve the transient response of the engine by ensuring adequate air supply during such conditions. However, the technique is not evaluated for exhaust emissions. The novelty of this study lies in addressing the unexplored impact of air injection on exhaust emissions under transient operating conditions. To meet stringent emission regulations, it is important to ensure that the application of air injection technique does not need compromise on emissions. Present study deals with the effect of air injection technique on exhaust emissions (CO, HC and NOx) under speed and load transients. Optimization of injection pressure based on orifice diameter is performed to ensure that the application of the technology comply with Euro VI standard. The optimum air injection at 10 mm orifice diameter is 3 bar under speed transient which satisfies Euro VI standard for CO and HC emissions. This air injection reduces the concentration of CO and HC emissions by 5% and 0.4% respectively. Under load transient the optimum value of air injection is 1.2 bar at 10 mm orifice diameter which reduces the concentration of CO, HC and NOx emissions by 0.8%, 0.01% and 0.4% respectively. The results indicate that air injection does not negatively affects the engine emissions in the case of speed or load transients.
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