Spray-wall interactions directly affect fuel-air mixture preparation and emissions formation. They are therefore among the most critical physical processes in engines today. This special issue of International Journal of Engine Research presents 11 papers that investigate spray-wall interactions and their effects at both fundamental and practical levels. This brief article offers background and context for the special issue and summarizes each research paper in the collection.
MarktDPathakARaessiMLeeS-YTorelliR. Computational characterization of the secondary droplets formed during the impingement of a train of ethanol drops. Int J Engine Res. This issue. DOI: 10.1177/1468087419879623.
2.
TorelliRScarcelliRSomSZhuXLeeS-YNaberJ, et al. Toward predictive and computationally affordable Lagrangian–Eulerian modeling of spray–wall interaction. Int J Engine Res. This issue. DOI: 10.1177/1468087419870619.
3.
GroverROFanslerTDLippertADrakeMCAssanisDN. A numerical–experimental assessment of wall impingement models for spark-ignition direct-injection engines. Int J Engine Res. This issue. DOI: 10.1177/1468087419863966.
4.
DingC-PVuilleumierDKimNReussDLSjöbergMBöhmB. Effect of engine conditions and injection timing on piston-top fuel films for stratified direct-injection spark-ignition operation using E30. Int J Engine Res. This issue. DOI: 10.1177/1468087419869785.
5.
LiXXiaoDParrishSEGroverROHungDLXuM. Dynamics of spray impingement wall film under cold start conditions. Int J Engine Res. This issue. DOI: 10.1177/1468087419859682.
6.
XiaoDYukihikoILiXHungDNishidaKXuM. Film breakup of tilted impinging spray under various pressure conditions. Int J Engine Res. This issue. DOI: 10.1177/1468087419859694.
7.
HuangWMoonSWangJMurayamaKArimaTSasakiY, et al. Nozzle tip wetting in gasoline direct injection injector and its link with nozzle internal flow. Int J Engine Res. This issue. DOI: 10.1177/1468087419869774.
8.
ShibataGNishiuchiSXiePTakaiSOgawaHKobashiY. Measurements of fuel adhesion on cylinder walls and fuel wall-flow behavior with post diesel fuel injections. Int J Engine Res. This issue. DOI: 10.1177/1468087419855200.
9.
RoqueCcaya AFoucherFLamielQImoehlBLamarqueNHelieJ. Impact of gasoline direct injection fuel films on exhaust soot production in a model experiment. Int J Engine Res. This issue. DOI: 10.1177/1468087419879851.
10.
ZhaoZZhuXNaberJLeeS-Y. Assessment of impinged flame structure in high-pressure direct diesel injection. Int J Engine Res. This issue. DOI: 10.1177/1468087419859788.
11.
MaesNHooglugtMDamNSomersBHardyG. On the influence of wall distance and geometry for high-pressure n-dodecane spray flames in a constant-volume chamber. Int J Engine Res. This issue. DOI: 10.1177/1468087419875242.
12.
DrakeMCFanslerTDSolomonASSzekelyGA. Piston fuel films as a source of smoke and hydrocarbon emissions from a wall-controlled spark-ignited direct-injection engine. SAE technical paper 2003-01-0547, 2003.
13.
ZhaoH. Advanced direct injection combustion engine technologies and development. Boca Raton, FL; Oxford: CRC Press; Woodhead Publishing, 2014.
14.
SpicherUDahnzC. Irregular combustion in supercharged spark ignition engines—Pre-ignition and other phenomena. Int J Engine Res2010; 11: 485–498.
15.
ZaccardiJ-MEscudiéD. Overview of the main mechanisms triggering low-speed pre-ignition in spark-ignition engines. Int J Engine Res2015; 16: 152–165.
16.
WangZLiuHSongTQiYHeXShuaiS, et al. Relationship between super-knock and pre-ignition. Int J Engine Res2015; 16: 166–180.
17.
KalghatgiG. Knock onset, knock intensity, superknock and preignition in spark ignition engines. Int J Engine Res2018; 19: 7–20.
18.
ShuaiSMaXLiYQiYXuH. Recent progress in automotive gasoline direct injection engine technology. Automotive Innovation2018; 1: 95–113.
HenkelSBeyrauFHardalupasYTaylorAM. Novel method for the measurement of liquid film thickness during fuel spray impingement on surfaces. Opt Express2016; 24: 2542–2561.
21.
ShinYChengWKHeywoodJB. Liquid gasoline behavior in the engine cylinder of a SI engine. SAE technical paper941872, 1994.
22.
Le CozJ-FBaritaudT. Application of laser induced fluorescence for measuring the thickness of evaporating gasoline liquid films. In: AdrianRJDurãoDFGDurstFHeitorMVMaedaMWhitelawJ. (eds) Developments in laser techniques and applications to fluid mechanics. Berlin: Springer, 1996, pp.115–131.
23.
KullEWiltafskyGStolzWMinKDHolderE. Two-dimensional visualization of liquid layers on transparent walls. Opt Lett1997; 22: 645–647.
24.
WitzePOGreenRM. LIF and flame-emission imaging of liquid fuel films and pool fires in an SI engine during a simulated cold start. SAE technical paper970866, 1997.
25.
WitzePOGreenRM. M Comparison of single and dual spray fuel injectors during cold start of a PFI spark ignition engine using visualization of liquid fuel films and pool fires. SAE technical paper 2005-01-3863, 2005.
26.
KimHYoonSLaiM-CQuelhasSBoydRKumarN, et al. Correlating port fuel injection to wetted fuel footprints on combustion chamber walls and UBHC in engine start processes. SAE technical paper 2003-01-3240, 2003.
27.
KarlssonRBHeywoodJB.Piston fuel film observations in an optical access GDI engine. SAE technical paper 2001-01-2022, 2001.
28.
HarringtonDLZhaoFLaiM-C. Automotive gasoline direct-injection engines. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 2002.
29.
StevensESteeperR. Piston wetting in an optical DISI engine: fuel films, pool fires, and soot generation. SAE technical paper 2001-01-1203, 2001.
30.
DrakeMCFanslerTDRosalikM. Quantitative high-speed imaging of piston fuel films in direct-injection engines using a refractive-index-matching technique. In: Proceedings of the ILASS – 02, 15th annual conference on liquid atomization and spray systems, Madison, WI, 14–17 May 2002, http://www.ilass.org/2/contentsofproceedings/ilass2002.htm
31.
StojkovicBDFanslerTDDrakeMCSickV. High-speed imaging of OH* and soot temperature and concentration in a stratified-charge direct-injection gasoline engine. Proc Combust Inst2005; 30: 2657–2665.
32.
VeljiAYeomKWagnerUSpicherURossbachMSuntzR, et al. Investigations of the formation and oxidation of soot inside a direct injection spark ignition engine using advanced laser-techniques. SAE technical paper 2010-01-0352, 2010.
33.
BerndorferABreuerSPiockWVon BachoP.Diffusion combustion phenomena in GDi engines caused by injection process. SAE technical paper 2013-01-0261, 2013.
34.
BardiMPillaGGautrotX. Experimental assessment of the sources of regulated and unregulated nanoparticles in gasoline direct-injection engines. Int J Engine Res2019; 20: 128–140.
35.
MoreiraALNMoitaASPanãoMR. Advances and challenges in explaining fuel spray impingement: how much of single droplet impact research is useful?Prog Energy Combust Sci2010; 36: 554–580.
36.
JiaoQReitzRD. Modeling soot emissions from wall films in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine. Int J Engine Res2015; 16: 994–1013.
37.
TrujilloMFAlvaradoJGehringESorianoGS. Numerical simulations and experimental characterization of heat transfer from a periodic impingement of droplets. J Heat Transfer2011; 133: 122201.
38.
ZhangTAlvaradoJLMuthusamyJPKanjirakatASadrR. Heat transfer characteristics of double, triple and hexagonally-arranged droplet train impingement arrays. Int J Heat Mass Transf2017; 110: 562–575.
39.
StantonDWRutlandCJ. Modeling fuel film formation and wall interaction in diesel engines. SAE Trans1996; 105: 808–824.
40.
HanZXuZTriguiN. Spray/wall interaction models for multidimensional engine simulation. Int J Engine Res2000; 1: 127–146.
41.
TrujilloMFMathewsWSLeeCFPetersJE. Modelling and experiment of impingement and atomization of a liquid spray on a wall. Int J Engine Res2000; 1: 87–105.
42.
CossaliGECogheAMarengoM. The impact of a single drop on a wetted solid surface. Exp Fluids1997; 22: 463–472.
43.
ZhuXTorelliRZhaoLNaberJLeeS-YSomS, et al. Film formation characteristics of N-heptane spray-wall impingement at engine-like conditions. In: Proceedings of the ICLASS 2018: 14th triennial international conference on liquid atomization and spray systems, Chicago, IL, 2018. http://www.ilasseurope.org/ICLASS/ICLASS2018.ZIP
44.
KhalighiBEl TahrySHHaworthDCHueblerMS. Computation and measurement of flow and combustion in a four-valve engine with intake variations. SAE technical paper950287, 1995.
45.
XuHWangCMaXSarangiAKWeallAKrueger-VenusJ. Fuel injector deposits in direct-injection spark-ignition engines. Prog Energy Combust Sci2015; 50: 63–80.
46.
BadawyTAttarMAXuHGhafourianA. Assessment of gasoline direct injector fouling effects on fuel injection, engine performance and emissions. Appl Energ2018; 220: 351–374.
47.
WiggerSMüllerTFüßerH-JKaiserS. Visualization of fuel wall wetting, oil dilution by fuel, and oil transport mechanisms in an optically accessible engine by LIF imaging. In: Knocking in gasoline engines KNOCKING 2017, Berlin, 12–13December2018, pp.189–202. Cham: Springer.
GeilerJNGrzeszikRQuaingSManzAKaiserSA. Development of laser-induced fluorescence to quantify in-cylinder fuel wall films. Int J Engine Res2018; 19: 134–147.
50.
DrakeMC.Unpublished notes, 2001.
51.
FanslerTD.Unpublished notes, 2019.
52.
Nieto-VesperinasMSánchez-GilJA. Light scattering from a random rough interface with total internal reflection. J Opt Soc Am A1992; 9: 424–436.
53.
Sánchez-GilJANieto-VesperinasM. Light scattering from random rough dielectric surfaces. J Opt Soc Am A1991; 8: 1270–1286.
