Piezoelectric fuel injectors provide a means to lower emissions, noise, and fuel consumption in advanced internal combustion engines by enabling complex injection rate profiles—referred to as “rate shaping.” Consideration of flow rate nonlinearities, piezostack hysteresis, and hydromechanical dynamics is required to achieve precise control of rate shaping. The goal of the effort described here was to develop, and experimentally validate, a dynamic, physically based model of a piezoelectric fuel injector during rate-shaping operating conditions. The model prediction captures the rate shape and demonstrates injected fuel errors of less than 5.2%.
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