Global Social Policy Digest 26.2: From unintended exclusion to the weaponization of social issues for retrenchment or division

World Economic Forum (2026) ‘World Economic Forum Annual Meeting: A Spirit of Dialogue’, https://www.weforum.org/meetings/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2026/.

World Economic Forum (2026) ‘Davos 2026: Special Address by Mark Carney, Prime Minister of Canada’, 20 January, https://www.weforum.org/stories/2026/01/davos-2026-special-address-by-mark-carney-prime-minister-of-canada/.

World Economic Forum (2026) ‘Davos 2026: Special Address by Emmanuel Macron, President of France’, 20 January, https://www.weforum.org/stories/2026/01/davos-2026-special-address-by-emmanuel-macron-president-of-france/.

UN (2026) ‘PGA Remarks at the Session “Who Brokers Trust Now?” World Economic Forum Davos’, 21 January, https://www.un.org/pga/80/2026/01/21/pga-remarks-at-the-session-who-brokers-trust-now-world-economic-forum-davos/.

World Bank (2025) ‘World Development Report 2025: Standards for Development’, 11 December, https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2025/.

IMF (2026) ‘World Economic Outlook Update: Global Economy: Steady amid Divergent Forces’, 19 January, https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/2026/january/english/text.pdf.

IMF (2026) ‘World Economic Outlook Update: Global Economy: Steady amid Divergent Forces’, 19 January, https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/2026/january/english/text.pdf; OECD (2025) ‘OECD Economic Outlook: Resilient Growth but with Increasing Fragilities’, 2 December, https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2025/12/oecd-economic-outlook-volume-2025-issue-2_413f7d0a/9f653ca1-en.pdf.

ILO (2026) ‘Employment and Social Trends 2026: Executive Summary’, 14 January, https://researchrepository.ilo.org/view/delivery/41ILO_INST/13147301360002676?bypassKey=492dd5a5-3f7a-45de-9fa7-2d91f07c5f19.

UN (2026) ‘World Economic Situation and Prospects 2026’, 8 January, https://desapublications.un.org/publications/world-economic-situation-and-prospects-2026.

ILO (2026) ‘Employment and Social Trends 2026’, 14 January, https://researchrepository.ilo.org/view/delivery/41ILO_INST/13147301370002676?bypassKey=492dd5a5-3f7a-45de-9fa7-2d91f07c5f19.

UN (2026) ‘World Economic Situation and Prospects 2026’, 8 January, https://desapublications.un.org/publications/world-economic-situation-and-prospects-2026.

ILO (2026) ‘Employment and Social Trends 2026: Executive Summary’, 14 January, https://researchrepository.ilo.org/view/delivery/41ILO_INST/13147301360002676?bypassKey=492dd5a5-3f7a-45de-9fa7-2d91f07c5f19.

Chancel L Gómez-Carrera R Moshrif R Piketty T , et al. (2025) ‘World Inequality Report 2026’, 10 December, https://wid.world/document/world-inequality-report-2026/.

Chancel L Gómez-Carrera R Moshrif R Piketty T , et al. (2025) ‘World Inequality Report 2026’, 10 December, https://wid.world/document/world-inequality-report-2026/.

OECD (2025) ‘Final OECD statistics on official development assistance (ODA) and other resource flows to developing countries in 2024’, 18 December, https://www.oecd.org/en/data/insights/data-explainers/2025/12/final-oecd-statistics-on-oda-and-other-development-finance-flows-in-2024-key-figures-and-trends.html.

UN DESA (2025) ‘World Economic Situation and Prospects: November 2025 Briefing, No. 196’, 4 November, https://policy.desa.un.org/sites/default/files/publications/2025-11/mb196.pdf.

ILO (2025) ‘Resolution concerning the general discussion on addressing informality and promoting the transition to formality for decent work’, 12 June, https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2025-06/ILC113-Resolution%20IV-%5BRELMEETINGS-250612-005%5D-Web-EN.pdf.

ILO (2025) ‘Matters arising out of the work of the 113th Session (2025) of the International Labour Conference: Follow-up to the resolution concerning the general discussion on addressing informality and promoting the transition to formality for decent work’, 15 October, https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2025-10/GB355-INS-3-1-%5BAP-FORMALIZATION-250918-001%5D-EN.pdf; ILO (2025) ‘Agenda of the 113th Session of the International Labour Conference’, 14 April, https://www.ilo.org/resource/conference-paper/ilc/113/agenda-113th-session-international-labour-conference.

UNDP (2025) ‘Africa’s Real Safety Net: AU and UNDP Launch a Landmark Report on Community-Based Social Protection’, 8 October, https://www.undp.org/africa/press-releases/africas-real-safety-net-au-and-undp-launch-landmark-report-community-based-social-protection.

Twum-Amoah, Amma A . (2025) ‘Statement on the Second World Summit for Social Development’, 4 – 6 November, https://social.desa.un.org/sites/default/files/statements/2025/African%20Union.pdf.

Dubois L . (2025) ‘EU backs migration ‘return hubs’ in echo of Trump’s crackdown: Home affairs ministers agree new measures making it easier to deport failed asylum seekers’, 8 December, https://www.ft.com/content/e47963b3-42c9-475f-b7fb-1fc7aeb3162a; EU (2025) ‘Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1348 as regards the establishment of a list of safe countries of origin at Union level – General approach’, 27 November, https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-16025-2025-INIT/en/pdf; EU (2025) ‘Asylum policy: Council pushes ahead with EU laws on safe countries of origin and safe third countries’, 8 December, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/12/08/asylum-policy-council-pushes-ahead-with-eu-laws-on-safe-countries-of-origin-and-safe-third-countries/.

ILO (2025) ‘ASEAN launches new regional roadmap to prevent child labour’, 18 November, https://www.ilo.org/resource/news/asean-launches-new-regional-roadmap-prevent-child-labour.

EU (2025) ‘Communication from the commission to the European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions The Clean Industrial Deal: A joint roadmap for competitiveness and decarbonisation’, 26 February, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52025DC0085.

EU (2025) ‘European Defence Industry Programme: Council and Parliament reach provisional agreement’, 17 November, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/10/16/european-defence-industry-programme-council-and-parliament-reach-provisional-agreement/.

EU (2025) ‘Parliament greenlights first-ever European defence industry programme’, 25 November, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20251120IPR31493/parliament-greenlights-first-ever-european-defence-industry-programme; EU (2025) ‘European Defence Industry Programme: Council gives final approval’, 8 December, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/12/08/european-defence-industry-programme-council-gives-final-approval/.

EU (2025) ‘Regulation (EU) 2025/2643 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2025 establishing the European Defence Industry Programme and a framework of measures to ensure the timely availability and supply of defence products (‘EDIP Regulation’)’, 29 December, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L_202502643.

EU (2003) ‘Directive 2003/88/EC of the European Parliament and Council of 4 November 2003 concerning certain aspects of the organisation of working time’, 18 November, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32003L0088.

EU (2006) ‘Directive 2006/121/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 amending Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances in order to adapt it to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) and establishing a European Chemicals Agency’, 30 December, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32006L0121.

IndustriAll (2025) ‘European Parliament leaves workers behind in EDIP’, 28 November, https://www.industriall-europe.eu/Article/1393.

EU (2025) ‘Simplification of EU rules’, 19 January, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/simplification/.

EU (2025) ‘Council and Parliament strike a deal to simplify sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements and boost EU competitiveness’, 9 December, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/12/09/council-and-parliament-strike-a-deal-to-simplify-sustainability-reporting-and-due-diligence-requirements-and-boost-eu-competitiveness/.

EU (2025) ‘Simplified sustainability reporting and due diligence rules for businesses’, 16 December, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20251211IPR32164/simplified-sustainability-reporting-and-due-diligence-rules-for-businesses.

European Trade Union Confederation (2025) ‘European Parliament vote weakens EU corporate due diligence rules’, 16 December, https://www.etuc.org/en/pressrelease/european-parliament-vote-weakens-eu-corporate-due-diligence-rules; Research Training Group ‘Standards of Governance’ (2026) ‘Legitimacy Challenges of Sustainability Standards for (Global) Supply Chains’, 29 January, https://standards-of-governance.de/en/registration-midterm-conference/#Program.

EU (2009) ‘Directive 2009/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009 on the establishment of a European Works Council or a procedure in Community-scale undertakings and Community-scale groups of undertakings for the purposes of informing and consulting employees’, 6 May, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2009/38/oj/eng.

EU (2025) ‘Strengthening representation of EU workers in multinational companies: Council greenlights revision of the European works council directive’, 27 October, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/10/27/strengthening-representation-of-eu-workers-in-multinational-companies-council-greenlights-revision-of-the-european-works-council-directive/; EU (2025) ‘Strengthening representation of EU workers in multinational companies: Council agrees its position on the European works council directive’, 20 June, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/06/20/strengthening-representation-of-eu-workers-in-multinational-companies-council-agrees-its-position-on-the-european-works-council-directive/pdf/.

EU (2024) ‘Regulation (EU) 2024/3015 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2024 On prohibiting products made with forced labour on the Union market and amending Directive (EU) 2019/1937’, 27 November, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R3015; this regulation is also discussed in the GSP Digest 24.3.

EU (n.d.) ‘The Forced Labour Regulation’, https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/goods/forced-labour-regulation_en.

See, for example, Deutscher Bundestag (2025) ‘Öffentliche Anhörung des Gesundheitsausschusses zu den Internationalen Gesundheitsvorschriften’, 7 October, https://www.bundestag.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/2025/pm-251007-oepm-gesundheit-1310-1113340.

See, for example, Deutscher Bundestag (2025) ‘Anhörung „Gesetzentwurf IGV“’, 13 October, https://www.bundestag.de/ausschuesse/gesundheit/anhoerungen/1111928-1111928.

Deutscher Bundestag (2026) ‘Gesundheit – Antrag – hib 587/2025: AfD-Fraktion fordert Austritt Deutschlands aus der WHO’, 6 November, https://www.bundestag.de/presse/hib/kurzmeldungen-1121702; Abgeordnetenwatch (2025) ‘Änderungen der internationalen Gesundheitsvorschriften’, 6 November, https://www.abgeordnetenwatch.de/bundestag/21/abstimmungen/aenderung-der-internationalen-gesundheitsvorschriften; Fraktion der AfD im deutschen Bundestag (2025) ‘Austritt Deutschlands aus der WHO und Neuausrichtung internationaler Gesundheitskooperation: Antrag’, 4 November, https://afdbundestag.de/austritt-deutschlands-aus-der-who-und-neuausrichtung-internationaler-gesundheitskooperation/.

Deutsche Welle (2023) ‘Fact check: Conspiracy theories about the ‘pandemic treaty’’, 25 June, https://www.dw.com/en/fact-check-conspiracy-theories-about-the-pandemic-treaty/a-65982226.

The term ‘Bürgergeld’ (citizens’ benefit) deliberately shifts the framing away from a minimal subsistence payment toward a notion of social membership and inclusion, while substantively remaining a form of means-tested social assistance.

Quotes in the text are translated from German into English by the author; CDU (2025) ‘Drei wichtige Entscheidungen für Deutschland’, 9 October, https://www.cdu.de/aktuelles/drei-wichtige-entscheidungen-fuer-deutschland/.

ZDF (2024) ‘CDU-Vorstoß zum Bürgergeld entfacht Debatte neu: Umgang mit “Totalverweigerern”’, 29 June, https://www.zdfheute.de/politik/deutschland/buergergeld-cdu-vorschlag-kritik-debatte-100.html; Bella Natalie, Röhrer Stefan and Wolff Joachim (2025) ‘Totalverweigerer: Viel Lärm um Nichts?’, 25 September, https://doku.iab.de/forschungsbericht/2025/fb2025.pdf; Deutscher Bundestag (2025) ‘1. Lesung: Kontroverse über Umgestaltung des Bürgergelds zu neuer Grundsicherung’, 15 January, https://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2026/kw03-de-grundsicherung-1134298; in the United States, changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in 2025 likewise recast social protection as a problem of dependency and discipline.

UN (2026) ‘Guterres in London: Humanity strongest when we stand as one’, 17 January, https://news.un.org/en/story/2026/01/1166783.

UN (2025) ‘Global atrocity risks rising, warns new UN adviser on genocide prevention’, 8 December, https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/12/1166537.

Roma Foundation for Europe (2025) ‘Slovenia’s "Šutar Law" Sets a Dangerous Precedent for Europe’, 18 November, https://romaforeurope.org/work/articles/sutar-law-set-dangerous-precedent; European Roma Rights Center (2025) ‘Romani Activists Fear Collective Punishment & Discrimination as Slovenia Passes New ‘Security’ Bill’, 7 November, https://www.errc.org/news/romani-activists-fear-collective-punishment–discrimination-as-slovenia-passes-new-security-bill.

Amnesty International (2025) ‘Georgia: Government’s alleged use of toxic chemicals against protestors calls for international investigation and complete embargo on all policing equipment’, 5 December, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/12/georgia-governments-alleged-use-of-toxic-chemicals-against-protestors-calls-for-international-investigation-and-complete-embargo-on-all-policing-equipment/; Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (2025) ‘Georgia: Urgent Opinion on the Amendments to the Code of Administrative Offences and the Criminal Code of Georgia’, 12 November, https://odihr.osce.org/odihr/601503.

Council on Foreign Relations (2026) ‘Myanmar’s Junta-Led Election Is Neither Free nor Fair’, 9 January, https://www.cfr.org/articles/myanmars-elections-begin-laughable-their-face-deadly-serious-their-impact.

Amnesty International (2025) ‘Myanmar: Repressive tactics intensify before junta-imposed elections’, 22 December, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/12/myanmar-repressive-tactics-intensify-before-junta-imposed-elections/.

UN (2026) ‘UN World Court begins landmark hearings on Rohingya genocide case against Myanmar’, 12 January, https://news.un.org/en/story/2026/01/1166746.

International Court of Justice (2026) ‘Conclusion of the public hearings on the merits held from Monday 12 to Thursday 29 January 2026’, 29 January, https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/178/178-20260129-pre-01-00-en.pdf.

International Campaign to Ban Landmines (2025) ‘Landmine Monitor 2025’, 1 December, https://backend.icblcmc.org/assets/reports/Landmine-Monitors/LMM2025/Downloads/Landmine-Monitor-2025-Final-Online-updated.pdf.

The White House (2026) ‘Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Withdraws the United States from International Organizations that Are Contrary to the Interests of the United States’, 7 January, https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/01/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-withdraws-the-united-states-from-international-organizations-that-are-contrary-to-the-interests-of-the-united-states.

Modern Diplomacy (2026) ‘The US withdrawal from 66 global organisations bells danger to Multilateralism’, 15 January, https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2026/01/15/the-us-withdrawal-from-66-global-organisations-bells-danger-to-multilateralism/.

UN (2025) ‘General Assembly Adopts Amended Third Committee Text Concerning Rights Of Persons With Disabilities, World Summit on Information Society Review Outcome Document’, 17 December, https://press.un.org/en/2025/ga12746.doc.htm.

Delegation of the European Union to the United Nations in New York (2025) ‘EU Explanation of Vote – UN General Assembly 3rd Committee: Amendments to the rights of the Child resolution’, 21 November, https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/un-new-york/eu-explanation-vote-%E2%80%93-un-general-assembly-3rd-committee-amendments-rights-child-resolution_en; Delegation of the European Union to the United Nations in New York (2025) ‘EU Statement – UN General Assembly 3rd Committee: Interactive dialogue on the Rights of the Child’, 14 October, https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/un-new-york/eu-statement-un-general-assembly-3rd-committee-interactive-dialogue-rights-child_en; United States Mission to the United Nations (2025) ‘Explanation of Vote for UNGA 80 Third Committee Resolution: “Rights of the Child”’, 20 November, https://usun.usmission.gov/explanation-of-vote-for-unga-80-third-committee-resolution-rights-of-the-child/.

Amnesty International (2026) ‘USA: One year into President Trump’s return to office, authoritarian practices are eroding human rights’, 20 January, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/usa-one-year-into-president-trumps-return-to-office-authoritarian-practices-are-eroding-human-rights.

Amnesty International (2025) ‘USA: New Findings Reveal Human Rights Violations at Florida’s “Alligator Alcatraz” and Krome Detention Centers’, 4 December, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/12/estados-unidos-nuevas-investigaciones-revelan-violaciones-de-derechos-humanos-en-los-centros-de-detencion-de-alligator-alcatraz-y-krome-en-florida/.

Human Rights Watch (2026) ‘US: Minneapolis Killing by ICE Unjustified: Shooting a Product of Abusive Enforcement System’, 9 January, https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/01/09/us-minneapolis-killing-by-ice-unjustified.

UNESCO (2026) ‘Fragmenting Consensus: The Multipolar Turn in Global Education’, 16 February, https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/fragmenting-consensus-multipolar-turn-global-education-governance.

Bessis Sophie (2004) ‘International Organizations and Gender: New Paradigms and Old Habits’, December, https://doi.org/10.1086/379178; Macgilchrist Felicitas, Pangrazio Luci, Potter John and Williamson Ben (2025) ‘Future challenges for critical research on educational technologies’, 21 November, https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2025.2589752.

Helsa Yullys Yulianti Sri (2024) ‘Technology Liberating or Controlling? A Critical Educational Philosophy Review of Digital Systems-Based Learning’, 3 June, https://doi.org/10.52005/literate.v3i1.20.

Macgilchrist Felicitas Pangrazio Luci Potter John Williamson Ben (2025) ‘Future challenges for critical research on educational technologies’, 21 November, https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2025.2589752.

Forsler Ingrid Hayes Sarah Jandrić Petar Macgilchrist Felicitas Selwyn Neil Hansén Saga (2025) ‘Hijacking the Digital Backlash in Education’, 21 November, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-025-00601-9.

Bessis Sophie (2004) ‘International Organizations and Gender: New Paradigms and Old Habits’, December, https://doi.org/10.1086/379178.

Rosenkranz Giada Bonu Lavizzari Anna (2025) ‘Education as a Field of Contention: Feminist and Anti-Gender Struggles over Democracy’, 29 November, https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxaf058.

UNESCO (2026) ‘Empowering youth to shape education policy’, 9 February, https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/empowering-youth-shape-education-policy.

UNESCO (2026) ‘International Day of Education’, 24 January, https://www.unesco.org/en/days/education.

World Bank (2025) ‘Skills Training Is Opening Opportunities for Millions of Young People in Africa’, 12 November, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2025/10/20/skills-education-training-job-youth-employment-opportunities-millions-young-people-africa.

World Bank (2026) ‘International Day of Education 2026: Education Works’, 24 January, https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education/brief/education-day.

UN (2026) ‘Advancing Women’s Rights and Gender Equality: The Fifteenth Anniversary of the Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls: Advanced Version’, 20 January, https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/women/wgdawg/advancing-women%27s-rights-and-gender-equality-advance-version.pdf.

Rustad Siri Aas (2025) ‘Women exposed to armed conflict, 1990–2024’, April, https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/3fa012c5-d69e-4930-962a-3e4a5a896834/GPS%20Policy%20Brief%204%202025.pdf?inline=true.

UN Women (2025) ‘25 years of the Women, Peace and Security agenda’, 31 October, https://www.unwomen.org/en/articles/timeline/25-years-of-WPS.

UN Women (2025) ‘Addressing care in times of conflict and crisis’, 5 December, https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2025-12/guidance-note-addressing-care-in-times-of-conflict-and-crisis-en.pdf.

European Institute for Gender Equality (2025) ‘Gender Equality Index 2025: Sharper data for a changing world’, 2 December, https://eige.europa.eu/publications-resources/publications/gender-equality-index-2025-sharper-data-changing-world?language_content_entity=en.

Council of Europe (2025) ‘Council of Europe adopts landmark Recommendation on Equal Rights for Intersex Persons’, 7 October, https://www.coe.int/en/web/sogi/-/council-of-europe-adopts-landmark-recommendation-on-equal-rights-for-intersex-persons.

WHO (2025) ‘Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2023’, 19 November, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240116962.

UNODC and UN Women (2025) ‘Femicides in 2024: Global estimates of intimate partner/family member femicides’, 24 November, https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2025-11/femicides-in-2024-global-estimates-of-intimate-partner-family-member-femicides-en.pdf.

WHO (2025) ‘RESPECT women: Preventing violence against women, second edition’, 19 November, https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/RESPECT%20framework%20second%20edition%20%281%29.pdf.

WHO (2025) ‘Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2023’, 19 November, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240116962.

UNICEF (2026) ‘Gender Policy Brief Series: Examining urgent and emerging issues shaping the lives of women, girls and young people across East Asia and the Pacific’, 7 January, https://www.unicef.org/eap/reports/gender-policy-brief-series; UNICEF (2026) ‘Gender Policy Brief Series: Climate Crisis and Gender-Based Violence: Intersecting Risk, Integrated Solutions’, https://www.unicef.org/eap/media/20741/file/Gender%20Policy%20Brief%20-%20Gender-Based%20Violence%20and%20Climate%20Crisis.pdf.pdf.

WHO (2025) ‘Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2023’, 19 November, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240116962.

UNODC and UN Women (2025) ‘Femicides in 2024: Global estimates of intimate partner/family member femicides’, 24 November, https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2025-11/femicides-in-2024-global-estimates-of-intimate-partner-family-member-femicides-en.pdf.

UN Women and Everyday Sexism Project (2025) ‘How is AI exacerbating technology-facilitated violence against women and girls’, 30 December, https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2026-01/how-ai-is-exacerbating-technology-facilitated-violence-against-women-and-girls-en.pdf.

UN Women and Sexual Violence Research Initiative (2025) ‘Global trends to prevent and respond to technology-facilitated violence against women and girls: A compendium of emerging practices’, 9 December, https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2025-12/global-trends-to-prevent-and-respond-to-technology-facilitated-violence-against-women-and-girls-en_1.pdf.

World Economic Forum (2025) ‘Transforming Capital for the Next Era: Gender Parity and the Expansion of the Investable Frontier’, 11 December, https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Transforming_Capital_for_the_Next_Era_2025.pdf.

UNDESA International Committee for October 17 (2025) ‘United Nations International Day for the Eradication of Poverty 2025. Ending Social and Institutional Maltreatment: Ensuring Respect and Effective Support for Families’, 17 October, https://social.desa.un.org/sites/default/files/2025-09/ConceptNote-IDEP2025-EN.pdf?_gl=1*1u5yfb4*_ga*MTM0OTAyNTk1NS4xNzIwNjI4MDU0*_ga_TK9BQL5X7Z*czE3NzAxOTc1MzQkbzckZzEkdDE3NzAxOTc5MDgkajYwJGwwJGgw.

ILO and ISSA (2025) ‘Bridging the Coverage Gap: Supporting Workers Through Subsidized Social Security Contributions: Exploring global experiences on contribution subsidies’, 18 November, https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2025-11/59160%20-%20Global%20Contribution%20Subsidies%20EN%20-%20web.pdf.

World Bank (2025) ‘Innovations in Public Works: Rethinking Public Works For Jobs And Skills in a Changing World’, 5 December, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/6194664f-7b9c-4732-938a-87d7dd9d7d45/content.

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