In search of a distinct identity for rural social work: A review of empirical literature

Abstract

Summary

This study of research literature on rural social work sought evidence to support claims regarding urban–rural differences in social work practice and the need for education programs to train students differently for rural social work. Following a comprehensive search of the relevant international English-language literature, the researchers identified 34 research articles on rural social work published between 2000 and 2023. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes within two overarching categories: generalist and specialist.

Findings

The study showed the diverse and multifaceted nature of rural social work practice and illustrated distinct characteristics and ethical issues with rural social workers negotiating professional challenges surrounding multiple roles, privacy, confidentiality, boundary, and safety issues, and limited referral options and support networks. The social fabric and structural challenges social workers encountered in rural communities necessitated a generalist approach with advanced community engagement skills.

Applications

The findings suggested the need for social work courses to reflect the exigencies of context and incorporate a deep understanding of rural lifestyles, ethical challenges, cultural nuances, and the importance of supportive workplaces and supervision, as well as community interventions promoting environmental justice and sustainable development.