The present study employed recent elaborations on general strain theory (GST) to develop a typology of vicarious and anticipated strain. The typology also considered gender-race combinations. The study used a sample of 11,222 adolescents who completed the School Success Profile for school assessment purposes.
• Findings:
Latent class analysis identified four patterns of vicarious and anticipated strain among adolescents. The patterns varied by sample members’ gender-race combinations. The latent class solution was replicated with two subsamples and validated by testing its association with behavior problems.
• Application:
Evidence-based practices are suggested for students experiencing different combinations of strain, and specific applications for social work practice are presented.
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