Bali is a popular tourist destination well-known for its natural beauty, cultural diversity and hospitality. However, not all tourists respect the local culture, environment and laws of the destination. This study aims to explore and understand the behaviours of toxic tourists in Bali who engage in activities such as cultural disrespect, drug smuggling, cybercrime, murder, visa abuse and traffic violations. This research adopted qualitative approach and employed semi-structured interviews key-informants and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) involving local residents, community leaders, tourism stakeholders and law enforcement officers in Bali and observations as well as documentation of published news in reputed national news agencies. The findings reveal that toxic tourism poses a serious threat to the sustainability of the destination which divided into three dimensions including cultural integrity, legal framework, and social structure. This study presents a distinctive contribution and offers innovative insights into the interplay between cultural preservation, legal governance, and community resilience within mass tourism contexts. It reveals shortcomings in current tourism management practices in addressing toxic behaviours and proposes actionable recommendations, such as stricter law enforcement, community-led education programmes, and the incorporation of cultural sensitivity into tourism policies. These managerial implications provide a framework for destinations facing similar challenges. Additionally, the study advocates for longitudinal research to evaluate the long-term effects of toxic tourism and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies that advances both academic and practical understanding of sustainable tourism management.
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