This essay examines the condition of Ireland before, during and after the famine which began in 1845 when the potato crop began to fail. A series of topics is presented: the quality of life, families, government aid, philanthropy, population changes, literacy, emigration, and public policy.
The essay draws on the author's research quantifying the quality of life in Ireland, and on reasearch analysing the heights of a sample of Irish army recruits in the famine era.
Adair A.S. (1847). The Winter of 1846-47 in Antrim, with Remarks on Outdoor Relief and Colonization3rd Edition. London: Ridgway
2.
Bennett W. (1847). Belmullet, County of Mayo, 16th of Third Month, 1847 (Appendix III). Transactions of the Central Relief Committee of the Society of Friends During the Famine in Ireland in 1846 and 1847Dublin: Hodges and Smith
3.
Bielenberg A. (1991). Cork's Industrial Revolution 1780-1880 - Development or Decline? Cork: Cork University Press
4.
Boyle P.M. and O Grada C. (1986). Fertility Trends, Excess Mortality, and the Great Irish Famine. Demography; 23, 543-562
5.
British Association For The Advancement Of Science (1883). Final Report of the Anthropological Committee 1883. Report of the 53rd Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. London: John Murray
6.
Central Relief Committee Of The Society Of Friends (1852). Transactions of the Central Relief Committee of the Society of Friends During the Famine in Ireland 1846 and 1847. Dublin: Hodges and Smith
7.
Chadwick E. (1942). Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Laboring Population of Great Britain. Parliamentary Papers
8.
Clarkson L.A. and Crawford E.M. (1988). Dietary Directions: A Topographical Survey of Irish Diet 1836. In: Economy and Society in Scotland and Ireland 1500-1939 (R Mitchison and P Roebuck, eds). Edinburgh: Donald
9.
Connell K.H. (1962). The Potato in Ireland. Past and Present; 23, 57-71
10.
Coolahan J. (1981). Irish Education: Its History and Structure. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration
11.
Crawford E.M. (1984). Dearth, Diet and Disease in Ireland, 1850: A Case Study of Nutritional Deficiency. Medical History; 28, 151-163
12.
Dao J. ( 1995). Worst Blight Since Ireland's Chills Potato Farmers . New York Times; 30th July
13.
Dufferin andBoyle G.F. (1847). Narrative of a Journey from Oxford to Skibbereen During the Year of the Irish Famine. Oxford: Parker
14.
Froggatt P. (1989). The Response of the Medical Profession to the Great Famine. In: Famine: the Irish Experience 900-1900 (E M Crawford, ed). Edinburgh : Donald
15.
Grimshaw T.W. (1889). A Statistical Survey of Ireland from 1840-1888 . Journal of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland; 68, 321-361
16.
Henry C J K (1994). Variability in Adult Body Size: Uses in Defining the Limits of Human Survival. In: Anthropometry: The Individual and the Population (S J Ulijaszek and C G N Mascie-Taylor, eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
17.
Hill J. and O Grada C. (1993). 'The Visitation of God'?: The Potato and the Great Irish Famine: Austin Bourke. Dublin: Liliput Press
18.
Jordan D.E. (1994). Land and Popular Politics in Ireland: County Mayo from Plantation to the Land War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
19.
Jordan T.E. (1993a). The Degeneracy Crisis and Victorian Youth. Albany, NY: The State University of New York
20.
Jordan T.E. (1993b). 'A Ship of Clever Lads': Origins, Occupations and Physique of Male Convicts Transported to Australia 1842-43. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice ; 17, 150-172
21.
Jordan T.E. (1995). Sons of St Patrick: Quality of Life and Heights of Young Irish Males at Mid-Nineteenth Century. Unpublished paper
22.
Jordan T.E. (19967). Ireland and the Quality of Life: The Famine Era . Lewiston, NY: Mellen Press
23.
ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS (1849). Condition of Ireland; December
24.
Journal Of The Royal Statistical Society ( 1870). The Wages of Irish Farm Labourers; 33, 153-157
25.
Kay J. ( 1846). The Education of the Poor in England and Europe . London: Hatchard
26.
Kinealy C. (1989). The Poor Law During the Great Famine: An Administration in crisis. In: Famine: The Irish Experience 900-1900 (E M Crawford, ed). Edinburgh : Donald
27.
Kinealy C. (1995). This Great Calamity: The Irish Famine 1845-52 . Dublin: Gill and Macmillan
28.
Knight D. (1984). Cobbett in Ireland: A Warning to England. London: Lawrence and Wishart
29.
LANCET (1848). Fever Hospitals in Ireland; II , 535
30.
Larcom T.A. (1843). Observations on the Census of the Population of Ireland in 1841. Journal of the Statistical Society of London ; 6, 323-351
31.
Macarthur W.P. (1957). Medical History of the Famine. In: The Great Famine: Studies in History 1845-52 ( R D Edwards and T D Williams, eds). New York: New York University Press
32.
McHugh N. (1971). Famine and Distress in Drogheda During 1847. Journal of the County Louth Archeological and Historical Society ; 21, 157-198
33.
McLoughlin D. (1995). Shovelling Out Paupers: Female Emigration from Irish Workhouses 1840-1870. Dublin: Irish Academic Press
34.
Miller K. and Wagner P. (1994). Out of Ireland: The Story of Irish Emigration to America. Washington D C: Elliot and Clark
35.
Mokyr J. (1989). Why Ireland Starved: A Qualitative and Analytical History of the Irish Economy 1800-1850. Allen and Unwin
36.
Mokyr J. and O Grada C. (1982). Emigration and Poverty in Pre-Famine Ireland. Explorations in Economic History; 19, 360-384
37.
Nicholson A. (1850). Lights and Shades of Ireland. London: Houlston and Stoneman
38.
O'Dowd A. (1991). Spalpeens and Tattie Hokers. Dublin: Irish Academic Press
39.
O Grada C. (1975). A Note on Irish Emigration Statistics. Population Studies; 29, 143-149
40.
O Grada C. (1993). Ireland 1780-1939: A New Economic History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
41.
Osborne S.D. (1850). Gleanings of the West of Ireland. London
42.
P B W (1834). The Poor of Kilkenny . Imperial Magazine; 4, 150-151
43.
PROVINCIAL MEDICAL AND SURGICAL JOURNAL (1848). Mortality of Medical Practitioners in Ireland from Fever; 9th February, 83
44.
Ray T.M. (1846). Report on the Coercion Bill, etc. Dublin: Loyal National Repeal Association
45.
Commissioners Appointed To Take The Census Of Ireland (1843). Report for the Year 1841. Dublin: Thom.
46.
Commissioners Appointed To Take The Census Of Ireland (1854). Report for the Year 1851. Dublin: Thom.
47.
Commissioners Appointed To Take The Census Of Ireland (1863). Report for the Year 1861. Dublin: Thom.
48.
Commissioners Appointed To Take The Census Of Ireland (1896). Report for the Year 1891. Dublin: Thom.
49.
Salaman R.N. (1985). The History and Social Influence of the Potato . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
50.
Somerville A. (1852). Letters from Ireland. Manchester : James Ainsworth
51.
Touhill B.M. (1981). William Smith O'Brien and his Revolutionary Companions in Penal Exile. Columbia MO: University of Missouri Press
52.
Trevelyan C. (1848). The Irish Crisis. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans
53.
United States Census Office (1902). Twelfth Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1900. Volume I. Population Part I. Washington DC: United States Census Office
54.
Vincent J. (1992). A Political Orchestration of the Irish Famine: County Fermanagh, May, 1847. In: Approaching the Past: Historical Anthropology through Irish Case Studies (M Silverman and P H Gulliver, eds)New York: Columbia University Press
55.
Whitelaw J. (1805). An Essay on the Population of Dublin. Dublin