CERVICAL CYTOLOGICAL screening has been available in the UK for several decades, but has not achieved a significant reduction in the incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer. In this paper we describe past problems of cervical screening, discuss the impact of recent innovations to computerize call and recall, and suggest further improvements for the future.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Campion, M.J., Singer, A. and Mitchell, H.S. (1987). Complacency in diagnosis of cervical cancer. British Medical Journal, 294, 1337-1339.
2.
Chamberlain, J. (1986). Reasons that some screening programmes fail to control cervical cancer. In: Hakama, M. Miller, A. B., Day, N E. (eds). Screening for cancer of the uterine cervix. IARC Scientific Publications No. 76, Lyon.
3.
Chisholm, D.K. and Haran, D. (1984). Cases of invasive cervical cancer in the North West in spite of screening. British Journal of Family Planning , 10, 3-8.
4.
Cook, G.A. and Draper, C.G. (1984). Trends in cervical cancer and carcinoma in situ in Great Britain. British Journal of Cancer , 50, 367-375.
5.
Department Of Health And Social Security ( 1985). Cervical Cancer Screening, April, DA(85)8.
6.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL SECURITY (1987). Histopathology EQA Forum, DHSS Advisory Committee for the Assessment of Laboratory Standards.
7.
Department Of Health And Social Security ( 1988). Health Services Management, Cervical Cancer Screening. HC(88)1.
8.
Eardley, A., Elkind, A.K., Spencer, B., Hobbs, P., Pendleton, L.L. and Haran, D. (1985). Attendance for cervical screening — whose problem?Social Science and Medicine, 20, 955-962.
9.
Elkind, A.K.Haran, D.Eardley, A. and Spencer, B. (1987) Computer-managed cervical cytology screening: a pilot study of non-attenders. Public Health , 101, 253-266.
10.
Elkind, A.K.Haran, D.Eardley, A. and Spencer, B. (1988). Reasons for non-attendance for computer-managed cervical screening: pilot interviews. Social Science and Medicine, 27, 651-660.
11.
Elkind, A.K.Haran, D.Eardley, A. and Spencer, B. (1989). Well you can come in but I'm not having it: the role of the health visitor in computer-managed cervical screening. Health Visitor, 62, 20-21.
12.
Haran, D., Hobbs, P., Pendleton, L.L., Elkind, A.K.Eardley, A. and Spencer, B. (1986). A computer-managed call and recall system for cervical screening. Public Health, 100, 105-115.
13.
Haran, D., Eardley, A., Elkind, A.K., Spencer, B., and Smith, A. (1989). Cervical Screening: what are the communication problems?Public Health, 103, 99-104.
14.
Hobbs, P., Eardley, A., Elkind, A.K., Haran, D., Pendleton, L.L. and Spencer, B. (1987). Synthesising research findings and practical experience to formulate principles in cervical screening. Cancer Detection and Prevention, 10, 255-264.
15.
IARC Working Group on evaluation of cervical cancer screening programmes (1986). Screening for squamous cervical cancer: duration of low risk after negative results of cervical cytology and its implication for screening policies. British Medical Journal, 293 , 659-664.
16.
Laara, E., Day, N.E. and Hakama, M. (1987). Trends in mortality from cervical cancer in the Nordic countries: association with organised screening programmes. The Lancet, i, 1247-1249.
17.
Macgregor, J.E. (1978). Mortality from carcinoma of cervix uteri in Britain . The Lancet, ii, 774-778.
18.
Roberts, A. (1982). Cervical cytology in England and Wales. Health Trends, 14, 41-43.
19.
WAKEFIELD, J. (1972). (ed). Seek Wisely to Prevent . LondonHMSO.