Chlamydia and male fertility

Health Development Agency . Epidemiological Data - Chlamydia. London: HDA , 2004 Available online at: www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/hiv_and_sti/sti-chlamydia/epidemiology/epidemiology.htm (accessed 25 August 2004)

Westrom L , Joesoef R , Reynolds G , Hagdu A , Thompson SE. Pelvic inflammatory disease and fertility. A cohort study of 1,844 women with laparoscopically verified disease and 657 control women with normal laparoscopic results . Sex Trans Dis 1992;19(4): 185-192

Keck C , Gerber-Schafer C , Clad A , Wilhelm C , Breckwoldt M. Seminal tract infections: impact on male fertility and treatment options . Hum Reprod Update 1998;4(6): 891-903

Idahl A , Boman J , Kumlin U , Olofsson JI. Demonstration of Chlamydia trachomatis IgG antibodies in the male partner of 244 infertile couples was correlated with a reduced likelihood of achieving pregnancy . Hum Reprod 2004;19(5): 1121-1126

Hosseinzadeh S , Pacey AA , Eley A. Chlamydia trachomatis-induced death of human spermatozoa is caused primarily by lipopolysaccharide . J Med Microbiol 2003;52(pt3): 193-200

Witkin SS , Kligman I , Bongiovanni AM. Relationship between an asymptomatic male genital tract exposure to Chlamydia trachomatisand an autoimmune response to spermatozoa . Hum Reprod 1995;10(11): 2952-2955

Diquelou JY , Pastorini E , Feneux D , Gicquel JM. The role of Chlamydia trachomatis in producing abnormal movements by spermatozoa . J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 1989;18(5): 615-625

Eggert-Kruse W , Rohr G , Demirakca T , Rusu R , Naher H , Petzoldt D , et al. Chlamydial serology in 1303 asymptomatic subfertile couples . Hum Reprod 1997;12(7): 1464-1475

Hosseinzadeh S , Eley A , Pacey AA. Semen quality of men with asymptomatic chlamydial infection . J Androl 2004;25(1): 104-109

Rezacova J , Masata J , Pribylova M , Drazd’akova M. Chlamydia trachomatis in men with impaired fertility . Ceska Gynekol 1999;64(6): 371-375

Malallah YA , Zissis NP. Effect of minocycline on the sperm count and activity in infertile men with high pus cell count in their seminal fluid . J Chemother 1992 Oct;4(5): 286-289

Lombardo F , Gandini L , Alfano P , Anticoli-Borza L , Basile A , Fabbri G , et al. Male genitourinary tract infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and seminal characteristics: use of minocycline . Arch Ital Urol Nefrol Androl 1990;62(1): 47-53

Morre SA , van den Brule AJ , Rozendaal L , Boeke AJ , Voorhorst FJ , de Blok S , et al. The natural course of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infections: 45% clearance and no development of clinical PID after one-year follow-up . Int J STD AIDS 2002;13 Suppl 2: 12-18