The cultural sector is currently being touted as an undervalued contributor to development, able to support economic growth, while promoting social inclusion and cultural diversity. Targeted arts and culture funds now support artists’ initiatives throughout the developing world. This article describes the trajectory through which the arts have come to be valued by the development community. It draws out diverse conceptualizations of the social value of the arts and describes some of the tensions that exist in this emerging sub-field of development practice – tensions that arise from trying to support the creative worlds of artists through the technical (and often instrumental) matrices of development.
AECID. 2007: Spanish Strategy for Culture and Development Cooperation. AECID.
2.
AraeenR.CubittS.SardarZ., eds. 2002: The third text reader on art, culture and theory. Continuum.
3.
ArizpeL.2004: The intellectual history of culture and development institutions. In RaoV.WaltonM., editors, Culture and public action. Stanford University Press, 163–84.
4.
AshcroftB.GriffithsG.TiffinH.1989: The empire writes bck: Theory and practice in post-colonial literatures. Routledge.
5.
BelfioreE. (2006). The social impacts of the arts – myth or reality? In MirzaM., editor, Culture vultures – Is UK arts policy damaging the arts?Policy Exchange.
6.
BelfioreE.BennettO.2008: The social impact of the arts – An intellectual history. Palgrave Macmillan.
7.
BoothD.1985: Marxism and development sociology: interpreting the impasse. World Development13, 761–87.
8.
Commission of the European Communities. 2007: Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee of the Regions on a European agenda for culture in a globalizing world. Brussels.
9.
Commonwealth Foundation. 2008: Putting culture first: Commonwealth perspectives on culture and development. Commonwealth Foundation.
10.
da CostaD. (2010). Introduction: Relocating culture in development and development in culture. Third World Quarterly31, 501–22.
11.
DuerK.LevineN.1999: Culture and sustainable development: A framework for action. (No. 34671). World Bank.
12.
DuránS.2004: Redes culturales en Centroamérica - Programa InCorpore. Istmo.
13.
EadeD.2002: Development and culture. Oxfam.
14.
EscobarA.1995: Encountering development: The making and unmaking of the Third World. Princeton University Press.
15.
European Union @ United Nations. 2010: UN millennium development goals summit: EU Commissioner Piebalgs partners with UNESCO to support poverty reduction through culture. European Union.
16.
FontesC.2008: Ámuñegü (In times to come). Paper presented at the Grenzeloze nieuwsgierigheid – naar een werkelijk internationaal cultuurbeleid, Rotterdam.
17.
FontesC.Wilson-GrauR.2008: Evaluación del programa arte y cultura de Hivos en Centro América: Período 2002–2006. Hivos. (Unpublished manuscript version dated 25 May).
18.
GouldH.2003: Emerging issues in arts and social inclusion. Creative Exchange.
19.
Hivos. 2002: Documento de política: Arte y cultura - Hacia una diversidad y pluralismo. Hivos.
20.
Hivos. 2009: Hivos Annual report 2008. Hivos.
21.
JaugeyF.PinedaF.2000: La cinematografía y las artes audiovisuales en Nicaragua. In OyamburuJ., editor, Visiones del sector cultural en entroamérica. Ediciones AECI, 375–81.
22.
JollyR.EmmerijL.GhaiD.LapeyreF.2004: UN contributions to development thinking and practice. Indiana University Press.
23.
KapurG.2002: Contemporary cultural practice – Some polemical categories. In AraeenR.SardarZ.CubittS., editors, The third text reader on art, culture and theory. Continuum, 15–23.
24.
KothariU.2002: Feminist and postcolonial challenges to development. In KothariU.MinogueM., editors, Development theory and practice – Critical perspectives. Palgrave, 35–51.
25.
KurinR.2004: Safeguarding intangible cultural heritage in the 2003 UNESCO convention: A critical appraisal. Museum International56, 66–77.
26.
LaddagaR.2004: Art and organizations. Shifting maps – Artists’ platforms and strategies for cultural diversity. NAi.
27.
LewisD.RodgersD.WoodcockM. (2008): The fiction of development: Literary representations as a source of authoritative knowledge. Journal of Development Studies44, 198–216.
28.
López MartinezA.2001: Racism against the indigenous peoples of Central America and the Caribbean. In ChakmaS.JensenM., editors, Racism against indigenous peoples. The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), 280–311.
29.
MalloyT.H.2005: The aspect of culture in promoting social inclusion in the European Union: Is the open method of co-ordination (OMC) working for ethnic minorities? European Centre for Minority Issues.
30.
MarshM.GouldH.2003: Routemapping culture and development. Creative Exchange and DFID.
31.
MbembeA.2009: African contemporary art: Negotiating the terms of recognitionJohannesburg Workshop in Theory and Criticism Blog, http://jhbwtc.blogspot.com/2009/09/african-contemporary-art-negotiating.html, last accessed on 13 January 2014.
32.
McCarthyK.F.OndaatjeE.ZakarasL.BrooksA.2004: Gifts of the muse - Reframing the debates about the benefits of the arts. RAND Corporation.
33.
McEwanC.2009: Postcolonialism and development. Routledge.
34.
McQuireS.PapastergiadisN., eds. 2005: Empires, Ruins and networks - The transcultural agenda in art. Melbourne University Press.
35.
MejíaM.H.2004: Las políticas culturales en Honduras: Análisis y perspectivas para su desarrollo. UNESCO.
36.
MirzaM., ed. 2006: Culture vultures: Is UK arts policy damaging the arts?Policy Exchange Limited.
37.
MitchellD.1995: There’s no such thing as culture: Towards a reconceptualization of the idea of culture in geographyTransactions of the Institute of British Geographers20, 102–16.
38.
MohanG.2001: Beyond participation: Strategies for deeper empowerment. In CookeB.KothariU., editors, Participation: The new tyranny?Zed Books, 153–67.
39.
MosqueraG.2010: Against Latin American art. In AdlerP.HowellsT.KotsopoulosN., editors. Contemporary art in Latin America. Black Dog, 12–23.
40.
MosqueraG.Fisher.J., eds. 2004: Over here— International perspectives on art and culture. MIT Press.
41.
Nederveen PieterseJ.2010: Development theory: Deconstructions/reconstructions, 2nd edition, (revised). SAGE and TSC Books.
42.
OguibeO.2004: The culture game. University of Minnesota Press.
43.
PapastergiadisN.2005: Small gestures in specific places: On collaboration and the politics of art. In McQuireS.PapastergiadisN., editors, Empires, ruins + networks – The transcultural agenda in art. Melbourne University Press, 287–302.
44.
Pérez-RattonV., ed. 2000: Temas centrales – Primer simposio Centroamericano de prácticas artísticas y posibilidades curatoriales contemporáneas. TEOR/éTica.
45.
Pérez-RattonV.2002: Invierno: Virginia Pérez-Ratton in conversation with Antonio Zaya. Atlántica – Revista de arte y pensamiento31, 28–35.
46.
Pérez-RattonV.2011: ¿Qué región? Apuntando hacia un estrecho dudoso. Istmo.
47.
Prince Claus Fund. 2007: The Prince Claus Fund’s response to the 2001–2005 mid-term evaluation report of the Wellink committee. The Prince Claus Fund.
48.
RadcliffeS., ed. 2006: Culture and development in a globalising world: geographies, actors, and paradigms. Routledge.
49.
RaoV.WaltonM., ed. 2004: Culture and public action. Stanford University Press.
50.
SaidE.W.1993: Culture and imperialism. Vintage.
51.
SchechS.HaggisJ.. 2000: Culture and development - A critical introduction. Blackwell.
52.
SchuurmanF.J.1993: Beyond the impasse: new directions in development theory. Zed Books.
53.
SchuurmanF.J.2008: The impasse in development studies. In DesaiV.PotterR.B., editors, The companion to development studies, 2nd edition. Hodder Arnold, 12–15.
54.
SmiersJ.2003: Arts Under pressure – promoting cultural diversity in the age of globalization. Hivos, Zed Books.
55.
SPC. 2010: EU grants FJD $2m to SPC for culture programmes, http://www.spc.int/en/our-work/education-training-and-human-development/humandevelopment/news/447-eu-grants-fjd-2m-to-spc-for-culture-programmes.html, last accessed on 13 January 2014.
56.
StenouK.2007: UNESCO and the question of cultural diversity 1946–2007: Review and strategies. UNESCO.
57.
StupplesP.2011: Breaking the frame: Art in international development. Development Studies. Massey University.
58.
UNCTAD. 2008: Creative economy report 2008: The challenge of assessing the creative economy towards informed policy-making. Retrieved from http://www.unctad.org/creative-economy, last accessed on 13 January 2014.
59.
UNCTAD2010: Creative economy report 2008 Retrieved from http://www.unctad.org/Templates/WebFlyer.asp?intItemID=5763&lang=1, last accessed on 13 January 2014.
60.
UNDP. 2004: Human development report 2004: Cultural liberty in today’s diverse world. UNDP.
61.
UNESCO. 1982: Mexico city declaration on cultural policies. World Conference on Cultural Policies, http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/files/3519711919410061mexico_en.pdf/mexico_en.pdf, last accessed on 13 January 2014.
62.
UNESCO. 1998: World culture report – Culture, creativity and markets. UNESCO.
63.
UNESCO1999: The value of culture – Position paper for the forum development and culture. UNESCO.
64.
UNESCO2009: Investing in cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue – World report. UNESCO.
65.
UNESCO2010: The power of culture for development. UNESCO.
66.
World Bank. 2003: Durban plus one – Opportunities and challenges for racial and ethnic inclusion in development. World Bank – Office of Diversity Programs.
67.
World Bank2011: The world development report 2011: Conflict, security, and development. World Bank.
68.
World Commission on Culture and Development. 1996: Our creative diversity – Report of the world com-mission on culture and development (Summary Version).
69.
YúdiceG.2003: The expediency of culture - Uses of culture in the global era. Duke University Press.
70.
ZambranoA.BullovenH.P.2007: An evaluation of Casa Comal in Guatemala 2004–2007. NORAD.
