Although hostility toward journalists is a pressing issue, research on how instructors are preparing students for hostility is lacking. Interviews with 30 journalism instructors from across the U.S. help illuminate how hostility is perceived and if/how hostility is talked about in journalism courses. Through the lens of professional socialization, this manuscript argues the majority of instructors normalize hostility in problematic ways, identifying a gap in journalism curriculum that needs filled.
ArreyTReynoldsC (2023) “I definitely would appreciate a little more validation”: toward an Ethics of Care in college newsrooms and journalism education. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator78(2). DOI: 10.1177/10776958231153267.
2.
Bélair-GagnonVBossioDHoltonAE, et al. (2022) Disconnection: how measured separations from journalistic norms and labor can help sustain journalism. Social Media + Society8(1). DOI: 10.1177/20563051221077217.
3.
CarlsonMRobinsonSLewisSC (2021) Digital press criticism: the symbolic dimensions of Donald Trump’s assault on U.S. journalists as the “enemy of the people”. Digital Journalism9(6): 737–754.
4.
ChenGMPainPChenVY, et al. (2020) ‘You really have to have a thick skin’: a cross-cultural perspective on how online harassment influences female journalists. Journalism21(7): 263–267.
5.
DeavoursDHeathWMillerK, et al. (2022) Reciprocal journalism’s double-edged sword: how journalists resolve cognitive dissonance after experiencing harassment from audiences on social media. Journalism24(11). DOI: 10.1177/14648849221109654.
6.
EhrlichMC (2006) Journalism in the movies. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.
HoltonABélair-GagnonVBossioD, et al. (2021) “Not their fault, but their problem”: organizational responses to the online harassment of journalists. Journalism Practice17(4): 859–874.
10.
IvaskSLonA (2023) “You can run, but you cannot hide!” Mapping journalists’ experiences with hostility in personal, organizational, and professional domains. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator78(2). DOI: 10.1177/10776958231151302.
11.
JablinF (2001) In: JablinFPutnamL (eds), The New Handbook of Organizational Communication. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage: 732–818.
MarkovikjMSerafimovskaE (2023) Mental health resilience in the journalism curriculum. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator78(2). DOI: 10.1177/10776958231153260.
14.
MelladoCHanuschFHumanesML, et al. (2013) The pre-socialization of future journalists. Journalism Studies14(6): 857–874.
15.
MemonSUmraniSPathanH (2017) Application of constant comparison method in social sciences: a useful technique to analyze interviews. Grassroots51(1): 152–165.
16.
MesmerK (2022a) An intersectional analysis of U.S. journalists’ experiences with hostile sources. Journalism & Communication Monographs24(3): 156–216.
17.
MesmerK (2022b) An “assumption of bad faith”: using fake news rhetoric to create journalistic teaching moments. Journalism Practice. DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2022.2086158.
18.
MesmerK (2023) Unprepared for reality: early-career journalists ill-equipped for hostility in the field. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator78(3): 301–316.
19.
MillerKC (2021a) Harassment’s toll on democracy: the effects of harassment towards US journalists. Journalism Practice17(8). DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2021.2008809.
20.
MillerKC (2021b) Hostility toward the press: a synthesis of terms, research, and future directions in examining harassment of journalists. Digital Journalism11(7). DOI: 10.1080/21670811.2021.1991824.
21.
MillerKC (2023) The “price you pay” and the “badge of honor”: journalists, gender, and harassment. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly100(1): 193–213.
22.
MillerKCLewisSC (2022) Journalists, harassment, and emotional labor: the case of women in on-air roles at US local television stations. Journalism23(1): 79–97.
23.
MolyneuxL (2015) What journalists retweet: opinion, humor, and brand development on Twitter. Journalism16(7): 920–935.
24.
NeroneJ (1994) Violence against the Press: Policing the Public Sphere in US History. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
25.
OgunyemiOPriceLT (2023) Exploring the attitudes of journalism educators to teach trauma-informed literacy: an analysis of a global survey. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator78(2). DOI: 10.1177/10776958221143466.
26.
PerreaultGMillerK (2022) When journalists are voiceless: how lifestyle journalists cover hate and mitigate harassment. Journalism Studies23(15): 1977–1993.
RussoTC (1998) Organizational and professional identification: a case of newspaper journalists. Management Communication Quarterly12(1): 72–111.
29.
SeelyN (2020) Fostering trauma literacy: from the classroom to newsroom. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator75(1): 116–130.
30.
TracySJ (2013) Qualitative Research Methods: Collecting Evidence, Crafting Analysis, Communicating Impact. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
31.
Van MaanenJScheinEH (1979) Toward a theory of organizational socialization. Research in Organizational Behavior1: 209–264.
32.
WayAKZwierRKTracySJ (2015) Dialogic interviewing and flickers of transformation: an examination and delineation of interactional strategies that promote participant self-reflexivity. Qualitative Inquiry21: 720–731.