Abstract
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.American Press Institute (2018 ) Paths to subscription: Why recent subscribers chose to pay for news; Appendix 1: Respondents’ demographics and news behaviors , 27 February . Available at: https://www.americanpressinstitute.org/publications/reports/survey-research/subscribers-appendix-1/
2.
Curran
J
Iyengar
S
Lund
AB
et al
. (2009 ) Media system, public knowledge and democracy: A comparative study . European Journal of Communication 24 (1 ): 5 –26 .
3.
Fletcher
R
Nielsen
RK
(2017 ) Using social media appears to diversify your news diet, not narrow it . NiemanLab , 21 June . Available at: http://www.niemanlab.org/2017/06/using-social-media-appears-to-diversify-your-news-diet-not-narrow-it/
4.
Matsa
KE
(2018 ) Western European public news media widely used and trusted . Pew Research Center Fact Tank , 8 June . Available at: http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/06/08/western-europe-public-news-media-widely-used-and-trusted/
5.
Mitchell
A
Gottfried
J
Barthel
M
et al
. (2016 ) The modern news consumer: pathways to news . Pew Research Center , 7 July . Available at: http://www.journalism.org/2016/07/07/pathways-to-news/
6.
Perrin
A
Duggan
M
(2015 ) Americans’ Internet access: 2000-2015 . Pew Research Center , 26 June . Available at: http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/06/26/americans-internet-access-2000-2015/
7.Pew Research Center (2012 ) Trends in news consumption, 1991-2012 , section 4: Demographics and political views of news audience , 27 September . Available at: http://www.people-press.org/2012/09/27/section-4-demographics-and-political-views-of-news-audiences/
8.
Schudson
M
(2008 ) Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press . Cambridge : Polity Press .
9.
Sehl
A
Cornia
A
Nielsen
RK
et al
. (2017 ) Pay models in European News . Reuters Institute , Digital News Publications . Available at: http://www.digitalnewsreport.org/publications/2017/pay-models-european-news/#summary