This study presents an empirical, qualitative investigation into the practices of Venezuelan journalists in South Florida. The Venezuelan population in the United States has more than doubled in the past decade, making it the fastest growing sub-population of Latinos in the country, and a majority of these new arrivals have settled in South Florida. Given the rapid changes this community has undergone in the previous 10 years, the results of this investigation provide a more complete picture of global journalism and transnational migration in the digital media era through the recognition of the complexities inherent in the work of immigrant journalists, offering new contributions to conceptualizations of immigrant assimilation as non-linear and providing an updated framework for understanding the production of Spanish-language, immigrant media in the United States. Three models of immigrant journalism are presented and discussed as a final result of the research.
AlbaRNeeV (1997) Rethinking assimilation theory for a new era of immigration. International Migration Review31(4): 826–874.
2.
AppaduraiA (1996) Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
3.
ArnoldAKSchneiderB (2007) Communicating separation? Ethnic media and ethnic journalists as institutions of integration in Germany. Journalism8(2): 115–136.
4.
BardachAL (2002) Cuban Confidential: Love and Vengeance in Miami and Havana. New York, NY: Random House, Inc.
5.
BensonR (2006) News media as a “journalistic field”: What Bourdieu adds to New Institutionalism, and vice versa. Political Communication23(2): 187–202.
6.
BryantACharmazK (2007a) Grounded theory research: Methods and practices. In: BryantACharmazK (eds) The SAGE handbook of grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., pp. 1–28.
7.
BryantACharmazK (2007b) Discursive glossary of terms. In: BryantACharmazK (eds) The SAGE handbook of grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., pp. 603–612.
ChristiansenCC (2004) News media consumption among immigrants in Europe: The relevance of diaspora. Ethnicities4(2): 185–207.
10.
CortésCE (1987) The Mexican-American press. In MillerSM (ed.) The Ethnic Press in the United States. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, Inc., pp. 247–260.
11.
DeuzeM (2005) What is journalism?: Professional identity and ideology of journalists reconsidered. Journalism6(4): 442–464.
12.
DeuzeM (2006) Ethnic media, community media and participatory culture. Journalism7(3): 262–280.
13.
DowningJDH (2003) Audiences and readers of alternative media: The absent lure of the virtually unknown. Media Culture Society25: 625–645.
14.
DukesKC (2006) Cultural citizenship in the Tibetan exile: Movies, media, and personal stories. Unpublished dissertation. Temple University, Pennsylvania.
15.
FernandesJShumowM (2012) Framing politics in transnational communities: Spanish-language immigrant media and election coverage in South Florida. Paper presented at the International Communication Association annual conference, Phoenix, AZ, May 23–27, 2012.
16.
FitzpatrickJP (1987) The Puerto Rican press. In: MillerSM (ed.) The Ethnic Press in the United States. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, Inc., pp.303–314.
17.
GeorgiouM (2006) Diaspora, Identity, and the Media: Diasporic Transnationalism and Mediated Spatialities. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
18.
GeorgiouM (2007) Transnational crossroads for media and diaspora: Three challenges for research. In: BaileyOGGeorgiouMHarindranathR (eds) Transnational Lives and the Media: Re-imagining Diaspora. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp.11–32.
19.
GrenierJPortesA (1992) Introduction. In: GrenierJPortesA (eds) Miami Now! Immigration, Ethnicity and Social Change. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, pp. 1–18.
20.
HollanderEStappersJJankowskiN (2002) Community media and community communication. In: JankowskiNW (ed.) Community Media in the Information Age. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, Inc., pp.19–30.
21.
HowleyK (2005) Community Media: People, Places, and Communication Technologies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
22.
HughesS (2006) Newsrooms in Conflict: Journalism and the Democratization of Mexico. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
23.
HusbandC (2005) Minority ethnic media as communities of practice: Professionalism and identity politics in interaction. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies31(3): 461–479.
24.
JankowskiNW (2002) Epilogue: Theoretical perspectives and arenas for community media research. In: JankowskiNW (ed.) Community Media in the Information Age. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, Inc., pp.359–374.
25.
KanellosN (2000) Hispanic Periodicals in the United States, Origins to 1960: A Brief History and Comprehensive Bibliography. Houston, TX: Arte Público Press (University of Houston).
26.
KarimKH (2003) The Media of Diaspora. London: Routledge.
27.
KraidyM (1999) The global, the local, and the hybrid: A native ethnography of glocalization. Critical Studies in Mass Communication16(4): 456–476.
28.
KingRWoodN (2001) Media and Migration: Constructions of Mobility and Difference. London: Routledge.
29.
LarsonSG (2006) Media & Minorities: The Politics of Race in News and Entertainment. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
30.
McNairB (1998) The Sociology of Journalism. London: Arnold.
31.
MorleyD (2000) Home Territories: Media, Mobility, and Identity. London: Routledge.
32.
NaficyH (1993) The Making of Exile Cultures: Iranian Television in Los Angeles. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
OngA (1999) Flexible Citizenship. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
36.
PidduckJ (2012) Exile media, global news flows, and democratization: The role of Democratic Voice of Burma in Burma’s 2010 elections. Media, Culture & Society35(5): 537–553.
37.
PortesA (1997) Immigration theory for a new century: Some problems and opportunities. International Migration Review31(4): 799–825.
38.
PortesARumbautRG (2006) Immigrant America: A Portrait (3rd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
39.
PortesAStepickA (1994) City on the Edge: The Transformation of Miami. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
40.
RigginsSH (1992) Ethnic Minority Media: An International Perspective. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
41.
RobinsKAksoyA (2005) New complexities of transnational media cultures. In: HemerOTufteT (eds) Media and Glocal Change. Rethinking Communication for Development. Göteberg, Sweden: Nordicom, pp. 41–58.
42.
RumbautR (1997) Assimilation and its discontents: Between rhetoric and reality. International Migration Review31(4): 923–960.
ShumowM (2010) ‘A foot in both worlds’: Transnational and media use among Venezuelan immigrants in South Florida. International Journal of Communication4: 377–397.
45.
ShumowM (2012) Immigrant journalism, ideology, and the production of transnational media spaces. Media, Culture & Society34(7): 815–831.
46.
ShumowMPintoJ (2013) Immigrant media in Southeast Florida: Discursive arenas for transnational civil societies. Paper presented at Latin American Studies Association Congress, Washington, D.C., May 30–June 1, 2013.
47.
SorucoG (1996) Cubans and the Mass Media in South Florida. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press.
48.
Subervi-VélezFA (1986) The mass media and ethnic assimilation and pluralism: A review and research proposal with special focus on Hispanics. Communication Research13(1): 71–96.
49.
TsagarousianouR (2002) Ethnic community media, community idenity, and citizenship in contemporary Britain. In: JankowskiNW (ed.) Community Media in the Information Age. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, Inc., pp.209–230.
