Journalism and communicative democracy in general were debated intensely on a world scale a quarter of a century ago, during the debates over a New World Information and Communication Order. In this article, I demonstrate that during this period, theory and reflexive practice in journalism were envisioned through radical ideas freely deliberated in intergovernmental, professional and scholarly spaces. I analyze related themes that appeared in statements issued by Third World journalists, and in selected scholarly articles published at that time. Analysis reveals that these themes articulated an alternate, more democratic world order. I conclude by discussing the relevance and importance of these ideas and themes to the present global era.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Appadurai, A. (1990) `Technology and Reproduction of Values in Rural Western India', in F. A. Marglin and S. Marglin (eds) Dominating Knowledge: Development, Culture, and Resistance. Oxford: Clarendon Press .
2.
Atton, C. (2001) `Approaching Alternate Media: Theory and Methodology,' paper presented at the annual convention of the International Communication Association, Washington, DC.
3.
Boyd-Barrett, O. and D. Thussu (1993) `NWICO Strategies and Media Imperialism: The Case of Regional News Exchange', in K. Nordenstreng and H. Schiller (eds) Beyond National Sovereignty: International Communication in the 1990s. Norwood, NJ: Ablex .
4.
Dag Hammarskjöld Libraries (1983) The New World Information and Communication Order: A Selected Bibliography. New York .
5.
Development Dialogue (1981) `Statement by the Participants in the 1975 Dag Hammarskjöld Third World Journalists' Seminar' , Development Dialogue, 2: 115-118 .
6.
Dowmunt, T. (1998) `An Alternative Globalization: Youthful Resistance to Electronic Empires', in D. Thussu (ed.) Electronic Empires: Global Media and Local Resistance. London: Arnold .
7.
Escobar, A. (1995) Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press .
8.
Featherstone, M. (1990) `Global Culture: An Introduction', in Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity. London: Sage .
9.
Gauhar, A. (1981) `Third World: An Alternative Press' , Journal of International Affairs35(2): 165-177 .
10.
Giddens, A. (1986) The Constitution of Society. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press .
11.
Giddens, A. (1993) New Rules of Sociological Method, 2nd edn. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press .
12.
Golding, P. (1977) `Media Professionalism in the Third World: The Transfer of an Ideology', in J. Curran, J. Woollacott and M. Gurevitch (eds) Mass Communication and Society. London: Edwin Arnold .
13.
Gunaratne, S. (1998) `Old Wine in a New Bottle: Public Journalism, Developmental Journalism, and Social Responsibility', in M. E. Roloff (ed.) Communication Yearbook 21. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage .
14.
Hall, S. (1985) `The Rediscovery of “Ideology”: Return of the Repressed in Media Studies', Reprint in V. Beechey and J. Donald (eds) Subjectivity and Social Relations. Milton Keynes: Open University Press .
15.
Hardt, M. and A. Negri (2000) Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press .
16.
Harvey, D. (2000) Spaces of Hope. Berkeley: University of California Press .
17.
Huesca, R. and B. Dervin (1994) `Theory and Practice in Latin American Alternative Communication Research' , Journal of Communication44(4): 53-73 .
18.
Layder, D. (1994) Understanding Social Theory. London, Newbury Park, Delhi: Sage .
19.
Lohr, S. (2002) `Vivendi Troubles Reflect Change in Investors' Hopes for Big Media' , The New York Times (3 Jul.): A1 .
20.
McChesney, R., E. M. Wood and J. B. Foster (1998) Capitalism and the Information Age. New York: Monthly Review Press .
21.
May, C. (2002) The Information Society: A Sceptical View. Cambridge: Polity Press .
22.
Melkote, S and L. Steeves (2001) Communication for Development in the Third World, 2nd edn. New Delhi, Thousand Oaks, London: Sage .
23.
Righter, R. (1978) Whose News? Politics, the Press and the Third World. New York: Times Books .
24.
Robertson, R. (1990) `Mapping the Global Condition: Globalization as the Central Concept', in M. Featherstone (ed.) Global Culture Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity. London: Sage .
25.
Sassen, S. (1998) Globalization and its Discontents. New York: The New Press .
26.
Savio, R. (1982) `Communications and Development in the 1980s' , IFDA Dossier32: 75-79 .
27.
Schudson, M. (1995) The Power of News. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press .
28.
Thompson, J. (1990) Ideology and Modern Culture: Critical Social Theory in the Era of Mass Communication. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press .
29.
Verghese, B. G. (1978) `A Philosophy for Development Communications: The View from India', Readings on the Relationship Between Development and Communication 1, International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems 44. Paris: UNESCO .
30.
Vincent, R., K. Nordenstreng and M. Traber (1999) Towards Equity in Global Communication: MacBride Update. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press .
31.
Wallerstein, I. (1974) Modern World System. New York: Academic Press .
32.
Webster, F. (1995) Theories of the Information Society. London: Routledge .
