Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of Inconel 600 to copper was performed in an air atmosphere using a tin interlayer at 700°C for three different holding times of 5, 15, and 30 min. Prior to the bonding procedure, tin was soldered onto the Inconel600 bonding surface to displace the passive oxide layer as a wettability barrier. For samples processed for 5 min, various microstructures, including nickel solid solution ((Ni)ss) + Ni3Sn/(Ni)ss/Ni3Sn/copper solid solution ((Cu)ss) + δ, were detected, which were replaced by copper and nickel solid solutions as the bonding time increased to 30 min. By prolonging the bonding time from 5 to 30 min, not only did the shear strength increase from 73 to 171 MPa but also, on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry, the remelting point of the solidified composition at the interface of the 30-min bonded samples reached 987.4°C (250°C greater than the bonding temperature), enabling the joint to be used for high-service-temperature applications.
ThellaputtaGRChandraPSRaoCSP. Machinability of nickel based superalloys: a review. Mater Today Proc2017; 4: 3712–3721.
2.
ChoudhuryIAEl-BaradieMA. Machinability of nickel-base super alloys: a general review. J Mater Process Technol1998; 77: 278–284.
3.
ZhouYLNiinomiM. Effect of Nd content on the dynamic elastic modulus and mechanical properties of Titanium-neodymium alloys. Mater Trans2009; 50: 368–372.
4.
RajendranRPetleyVRehmerB. Dynamic elastic properties of aero-engine metallic isotropic materials. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part L: J Mater: Des Appl2013; 227: 243–249.
5.
JinoopAPaulCBindraK. Laser-assisted directed energy deposition of nickel super alloys: a review. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part L: J Mater: Des Appl2019; 233: 2376–2400.
6.
BashirKKaushalSGuptaD, et al.Enhancing microstructural properties of copper-based composite castings through microwave-assisted reinforcement with MWCNT. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part L: J Mater: Des Appl2024:14644207241301343.
7.
MoreschiLFPizzutoAAlessandriniI, et al.Fabrication of mock-up with be armour tiles diffusion bonded to the CuCrZr heat sink. Fusion Eng Des2001; 56–57: 321–324.
8.
HaoKGongMXieY, et al.Effects of alloying element on weld characterization of laser-arc hybrid welding of pure copper. Opt Laser Technol2018; 102: 124–129.
9.
NahriSTavangarR. Microstructural evolution during low-temperature TLP bonding of WC-6Co cemented carbide to AISI 1045 steel using multilayer of Ni/Cu/In/Cu/Ni. Weld World. Epub ahead of print 13 September 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-024-01833-2.
10.
SmithRJLewiGJYatesDH. Development and application of nickel alloys in aerospace engineering. Aircr Eng Aerosp Technol2001; 73: 138–147.
11.
EzugwuEOBonneyJYamaneY. An overview of the machinability of aeroengine alloys. J Mater Process Technol2003; 134: 233–253.
LeeH-S. Diffusion bonding of metal alloys in aerospace and other applications. In: Welding and joining of aerospace materials. Republic of Korea: Elsevier, 2014, pp.320–344.
14.
MannucciATomashchukIVignalV, et al.Parametric study of laser welding of copper to austenitic stainless steel. Procedia CIRP2018; 74: 450–455.
15.
MaiTASpowageAC. Characterization of dissimilar joints in laser welding of steel–kovar, copper–steel and copper–aluminum. Mater Sci Eng A2004; 374: 224–233.
16.
ZhengYLiNYanJ, et al.The microstructure and mechanical properties of 1Cr17Ni2/QAl7 brazed joints using Cu-Mn-Ni-Ag brazing alloy. Mater Sci Eng A2016; 661: 25–31.
17.
Committee on Brazing and Soldering. Brazing manual, 3rd ed.Miami: American Welding Society, 1976, pp.24–27.
18.
ArataYOhmoriACaiHF. Studies on vacuum brazing (report II): removal of oxide film from stainless steel surface and brazing alloy spreading mechanism. Trans JWRI1983; 12: 27–34.
19.
KangYHanJKimH, et al.Effect of oxygen on the wettability of 304 L stainless steel by liquid Ag–Cu eutectic alloy. J Mater Sci2016; 51: 1713–1721.
20.
JacobsonDMHumpstonG. Principles of brazing. Ohio: Asm International, 2005, pp.18–19.
MuGQuWZhangY, et al.Effect of Ni on the wetting and brazing characterization of 304 stainless steel by ag–cu alloy. J Mater Sci2023; 58: 6297–6312.
23.
EustathopoulosNHodajFKozlovaO. The wetting process in brazing. In: Advances in brazing. France: Elsevier, 2014, pp.3–30.
24.
SánchezLCarrilloDRodríguezE, et al.Development of high precision joints in particle accelerator components performed by vacuum brazing. J Mater Process Technol2011; 211: 1379–1385.
25.
GhoshSKChatterjeeS. On the direct diffusion bonding of Titanium alloy to stainless steel. Mater Manuf Processes2010; 25: 1317–1323.
26.
ZhangCShirzadiAA. Diffusion bonding of copper alloy to nickel-based superalloy: effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints. Sci Technol Weld Joining2021; 26: 213–219.
27.
XiaoYLangLXuW, et al.Diffusion bonding of copper alloy and nickel-based superalloy via hot isostatic pressing. J Mater Res Technol2022; 19: 1789–1797.
28.
ChenJDongJWeiY, et al.Effect of bonding temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of inconel 718 alloy transient liquid phase joints. Weld World2024; 68: 23–34.
29.
SanghaSPJacobsonDMPeacockAT. Development of the copper-tin diffusion-brazing process. Welding Journal-New York1998; 77: 432s–438s.
30.
NahriSSamadiA. TLP bonding of WC-6Co to 1045 steel using multi-interlayer of Ni/Cu/Sn/Cu/Ni. Metall Mater Trans B. Epub ahead of print 19 December 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-024-03402-w.
31.
MokhtariMAShamanianMBahramiA, et al.Transient liquid phase bonding of ti-6Al-4V/UN32750 stainless steel using cu and cu-0.5wt.% carbon nanotube composite interlayers. J of Materi Eng and Perform2024; 33: 8165–8182.
32.
GuptaKP. An expanded cu-Ni-sn system (copper-nickel-tin). JPE2000; 21: 479–484.
33.
BoscoNSZokFW. Strength of joints produced by transient liquid phase bonding in the cu–sn system. Acta Mater2005; 53: 2019–2027.
34.
PanTZhangXYamazakiT, et al.Characteristics of inconel 625—copper bimetallic structure fabricated by directed energy deposition. Int J Adv Manuf Technol2020; 109: 1261–1274.
35.
WangZGuoYRenL, et al.Effect of bonding temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 L/zircaloy-4 diffusion-bonded joints with Ni/ta hybrid interlayer. Adv Eng Mater2021; 23: 2100555.
36.
ZhangHLiuXZhangB, et al.Enhancing the mechanical performances of friction stir lap welded al-zn-mg-cu alloy joint by promoting diffusion of alloying element Zn toward the prepositioned Cu interlayer. Mater Sci Eng A2022; 832: 142467.
37.
VetrivendanEVarghesePKrishnanR, et al.Vacuum brazing of copper and SS316L using Ni–P eutectic alloy filler for nuclear applications. Weld World2022; 66: 2041–2052.
