The objective of this work is to investigate the coefficient of thermal expansion of carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix nanocomposites in which aluminum carbide (Al4C3) interphase formed due to chemical interaction between the carbon nanotube and aluminum matrix is included. To this end, the micromechanical finite element method along with a representative volume element, which incorporates, carbon nanotube, interphase, and aluminum matrix is employed. The emphasis is mainly placed on the effect of Al4C3 interphase on the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum nanocomposites with random microstructures. The effects of interphase thickness, carbon nanotube diameter, and volume fraction on the thermomechanical response of aluminum nanocomposite are discussed. The results reveal that the effect of Al4C3 interphase on the coefficient of thermal expansion of the aluminum nanocomposites becomes more significant with (i) increasing the coefficient of thermal expansion volume fraction, (ii) decreasing the coefficient of thermal expansion diameter, and (iii) increasing the interphase thickness. It is clearly observed that the coefficient of thermal expansion varies nonlinearly with the carbon nanotube diameter; however, it decreases linearly as the carbon nanotube volume fraction increases. Furthermore, the axial and transverse coefficient of thermal expansions of aligned continuous and discontinuous carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum nanocomposites with Al4C3 interphase are predicted. Also, the presented finite element method results are compared with the available experiment in the literature, rule of mixture, and concentric cylinder model results.
Ansari R, Hassanzadeh-Aghdam MK and Darvizeh A. Coefficients of thermal expansion of carbon nanotubereinforced polyimide nanocomposites: A micromechanical analysis. Proc IMechE, Part L: J Materials: Design and Applications. 2019; 233: 169–179.
2.
Hassanzadeh-AghdamMKMahmoodiMJ. Micromechanical modeling of thermal conducting behavior of general carbon nanotube-polymer nanocomposites. Mater Sci Eng B2018; 229: 173–183.
3.
AlavinasabAJhaRAhmadiG. Modeling of carbon nanotube composites based on nonlocal elasticity approach. Int J Comput Methods Eng Sci Mech2015; 15: 17–25.
4.
GuzANGuzIA. On models in the theory of stability of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in matrix. Int Appl Mech2006; 42: 617–628.
5.
Haghgoo M, Ansari R, Hassanzadeh-Aghdam MK, et al. Elastoplastic behavior of the metal matrix nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes: A micromechanics-based analysis. Proc IMechE, Part L: J Materials: Design and Applications. 2019; 233: 676–686.
6.
JindalPGoyalMKumarN. Modeling composites of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in polycarbonate. Int J Comput Methods Eng Sci Mech2013; 14: 542–551.
7.
GuzANRushchitskyJJ. Establishing foundations of the mechanics of nanocomposites. Int Appl Mech2011; 47: 2–44.
8.
OmidiMMilaniASSeethalerRJ, et al.Prediction of the mechanical characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites using a new form of the rule of mixtures. Carbon2010; 48: 3218–3228.
9.
ShirasuKYamamotoGTamakiI, et al.Negative axial thermal expansion coefficient of carbon nanotubes: Experimental determination based on measurements of coefficient of thermal expansion for aligned carbon nanotube reinforced epoxy composites. Carbon2015; 95: 904–909.
10.
ZareY. Effects of interphase on tensile strength of polymer/CNT nanocomposites by Kelly–Tyson theory. Mech Mater2015; 85: 1–6.
11.
Hassanzadeh-AghdamMKAnsariRDarvizehA. Micromechanical analysis of carbon nanotube-coated fiber-reinforced hybrid composites. Int J Eng Sci2018; 130: 215–229.
12.
JiaYPengKGongXL, et al.Creep and recovery of polypropylene/carbon nanotube composites. Int J Plast2011; 27: 1239–1251.
13.
YengejehSIKazemiSAÖchsnerA. Carbon nanotubes as reinforcement in composites: A review of the analytical, numerical and experimental approaches. Comput Mater Sci2017; 136: 85–101.
14.
AlamMEHanSNguyenQB, et al.Development of new magnesium based alloys and their nanocomposites. J Alloys Compd2011; 509: 8522–8529.
15.
NouriNZiaei-RadSAdibiS, et al.Fabrication and mechanical property prediction of carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum nanocomposites. Mater Des2012; 34: 1–14.
16.
HaghgooMAnsariRHassanzadeh-AghdamMK. Effective elastoplastic properties of carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum nanocomposites considering the residual stresses. J Alloys Compnd2018; 752: 476–488.
17.
TaylorEAHerbertMKGardnerDJ, et al.Hypervelocity impact on spacecraft carbon fibre reinforced plastic/aluminium honeycomb Burchell. Proc IMechE, Part G: J Aerospace Engineering2005; 211: 355–363.
18.
ShaoZWuPGaoY, et al.On the maximum ABC index of graphs without pendent vertices. Appl Math Comput2017; 315: 298–312.
19.
EsawiAMorsiKSayedA, et al.Effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) content on the mechanical properties of CNT-reinforced aluminium composites. Compos Sci Technol2010; 70: 2237–2241.
20.
ShaoZWuPZhangX, et al.On the maximum ABC index of graphs with prescribed size and without pendent vertices. IEEE Access2018; 6: 27604–27616.
ShinSEKoYJBaeDH. Mechanical and thermal properties of nanocarbon-reinforced aluminum matrix composites at elevated temperatures. Compos Part B: Eng2016; 106: 66–73.
23.
Hassanzadeh-AghdamMKMahmoodiMJ. A comprehensive analysis of mechanical characteristics of carbon nanotube-metal matrix nanocomposites. Mater Sci Eng A2017; 701: 34–44.
24.
TjongSC. Recent progress in the development and properties of novel metal matrix nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets. Mater Sci Eng R2013; 74: 281–350.
25.
BakshiSRAgarwalA. An analysis of the factors affecting strengthening in carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum composites. Carbon2011; 49: 533–544.
26.
BakshiSRLahiriDAgarwalA. Carbon nanotube reinforced metal matrix composites - a review. Int Mater Rev2010; 55: 41–64.
27.
HendersonJPPlummerAJohnstonN. An electro-hydrostatic actuator for hybrid active-passive vibration isolation. Int J Hydromech2018; 1: 47–71.
28.
EsawiaAMKMorsiKSayedS, et al.Fabrication and properties of dispersed carbon nanotube–aluminum composites. Mater Sci Eng A2009; 508: 167–173.
29.
HeCZhaoNQShiCS, et al.Mechanical properties and microstructures of carbon nanotube-reinforced Al matrix composite fabricated by in situ chemical vapor deposition. J Alloys Compd2009; 487: 258–262.
30.
BakshiSRKeshriAKSinghV, et al.Interface in carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum silicon composites: Thermodynamic analysis and experimental verification. J Alloy Compd2009; 481: 207–213.
31.
ChoiBKYoonGHLeeS. Molecular dynamics studies of CNT-reinforced aluminum composites under uniaxial tensile loading. Compos Part B: Eng2016; 91: 119–125.
32.
TangXCongHZhongR, et al.Thermal expansion of a composite of single-walled carbon nanotubes and nanocrystalline aluminium. Carbon2004; 42: 3260–3262.
33.
DengCFMaYXZhangP, et al.Thermal expansion behaviours of aluminium composite reinforced with carbon nanotube. Mater Lett2008; 62: 2301–2303.
34.
AdhithanBPydiHPRBakrudeenASB. Investigation of physical and thermal properties of aluminium with carbon nanotubes. Int J Sci Eng Technol Res2012; 1: 74–79.
35.
SharmaMPalHSharmaV. Electrical conductivity and thermal expansion measurement of nanocrystalline aluminum reinforced with functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes. Int J Chem Technol Res2014; 6: 2057–2059.
36.
SharmaMSharmaV. Chemical, mechanical, and thermal expansion properties of a carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum nanocomposite. Int J Miner Metall Mater2016; 23: 222–233.
37.
KashyapKTKoppadPGPuneethKB, et al.Elastic modulus of multiwalled carbon nanotubes reinforced aluminium matrix nanocomposite – A theoretical approach. Comput Mater Sci2011; 50: 2493–2495.
38.
AlfonsoINavarroOVargasJ, et al.FEA evaluation of the Al4C3 formation effect on the Young’s modulus of carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Compos Struct2015; 127: 420–425.
39.
ZahoorRBajtSŠarlerB. Numerical investigation on influence of focusing gas type on liquid micro-jet characteristics. Int J Hydromech2018; 1: 222–237.
40.
MayandiKJeyarajP. Bending, buckling and free vibration characteristics of FG-CNT-reinforced polymer composite beam under non-uniform thermal load. Proc IMechE Part L: J Materials: Design and Applications2015; 229: 13–28.
41.
Hassanzadeh-AghdamMKAnsariRMahmoodiMJ. Micromechanical estimation of biaxial thermomechanical responses of hybrid fiber-reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes. Mech Mater2018; 119: 1–15.
42.
Hassanzadeh-AghdamMKMahmoodiMJKazempourMR. The role of thermal residual stress on the yielding behavior of carbon nanotube–aluminum nanocomposites. Int J Mech Mater Des2018; 14: 263–275.
43.
NgabonzizaYLiJBarryCF. Electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube-reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites. Acta Mech2011; 220: 289–298.
44.
WangTLiuSTsaiJ. Micromechanical stick-slip model for characterizing damping responses of single-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites. J Compos Mater2016; 50: 57–73.
MahmoodiMJVakilifardM. A comprehensive micromechanical modeling of electro-thermo-mechanical behaviors of CNT reinforced smart nanocomposites. Mater Des2017; 122: 347–365.
47.
BesterciMVelgosováOIvanJ, et al.In situ tensile testing in SEM of Al-Al4C3 nanomaterials. Estonian J Eng2009; 15: 247–254.
48.
Hassanzadeh-Aghdam MK. Micromechanics-based thermal expansion characterization of SiC nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites. Proc IMechE, Part C: J Mechanical Engineering Science. 2018:1464420718794716.
49.
RanZGYanYLiJF, et al.Determination of thermal expansion coefficients for unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites. Chinese J Aeronaut2014; 27: 1180–1187.
