Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2015-8
Mechanical and dry sliding wear characterization of short glass fiber reinforced polyester-based homogeneous and their functionally graded composite materials
In this research work, short glass fiber has been used to fabricate polyester-based homogeneous composites and their functionally graded material. Vertical centrifugal casting technique and simple mechanical stirring is used for fabricating functionally graded materials and homogeneous composites, respectytively. Wear tests are conducted over a range of sliding velocities (1.57–3.66 m/s), normal load (10–30 N), fiber contents (0–6 wt%), and sliding distances (1–3 km). Friction and wear characteristics of developed materials are successfully analyzed using Taguchi design of experiment scheme and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Artificial neural network approach is also applied to the friction and wear data for subsequent validation. Out of all samples fabricated it is found that 6 wt% short glass fiber polyester-based functionally graded materials exhibit lowest specific wear rate. Additions of short glass fiber in polyester-based functionally graded materials have an incisive effect on tensile and flexural strength in comparison to homogeneous composites. The morphology of worn composite specimens has been examined by scanning electron microscopy to understand about dominant wear mechanisms.
WatariFYokoyamaAOmoriM. Biocompatibility of materials and development to functionally graded implant for bio-medical application. Compos Sci Technol2004; 64: 893–908.
10.
Siddhartha, PatnaikABhattAD. Mechanical and dry sliding wear characterisation of epoxy–TiO2 particulate filled functionally graded composites materials using Taguchi design of experiment. Mater Des2011; 32(2): 615–627.
11.
Siddhartha, PatnaikASatapathyA. A study on modified mechanical and wear characteristics of epoxy-particulate filled homogenous composites and their functionally graded materials. J Tribol2011; 133: (011601)–1–11.
12.
LeeNJJangJ. The effect of fibre-content gradient on the mechanical properties of glass fibre-mat/polypropylene composite. Compos Sci Technol2000; 60: 209–217.
13.
ChandNDwivediUKSharmaMK. Development and tribological behaviour of UHMWPE filled epoxy gradient composites. Wear2007; 262: 184–190.
14.
LeeNJJangJParkM. Characterization of functionally gradient epoxy/carbon fibre composite prepared under centrifugal force. J Mater Sci1997; 32: 2013–2020.
15.
KlingshirnCKoizumiMHaupertF. Structure and wear of centrifuged epoxy-resin/carbon fiber functionally graded materials. J Mater Sci Lett2000; 19: 263–266.
16.
ChandNSharmaM. Development and sliding wear behavior of milled carbon fiber reinforced epoxy gradient composites. Wear2008; 264: 69–74.
LucignanoCQuadriniF. Indentation of functionally graded polyester composites. Measurement2009; 42: 894–902.
19.
NigrawalAChandN. Development and electrical characterization of carbon soot filled polyester graded composites. Mater Des2010; 31: 3672–3676.
20.
SiddharthaGuptaK. Mechanical and abrasive wear characterization of bidirectional and chopped E-glass fiber reinforced composite materials. Mater Des2012; 35: 467–479.
21.
ASTM standard designation G 99-95a (reapproved 2000). Standard test method for wear testing with a pin-on-disk apparatus. Metals test methods and analytical procedures 03.02, West Conshohocken: ASTM International, 2002, pp. 414–419.
22.
AgarwalBDBroutmanLJ. Analysis and performance of fibre composites, 2nd edn. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1990.
23.
ASTM D 3039-76. Tensile properties of fiber–resin composites, American National Standard, 1976.
24.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Standard test method for apparent interlaminar shear strength of parallel fiber composites by short beam method, ASTM D 2344-84. Annual book of ASTM standards, West Conshohocken: ASTM, 1984, pp. 15–17.
25.
GlenSP. Taguchi methods: A hand on approach, New York: Addison-Wesley, 1993.
El-TayebNSM. A study on the potential of sugarcane fibers/polyester composite for tribological applications. Wear2008; 265: 223–235.
28.
MathewMTPadakiNVRochaLA. Tribological properties of the directionally oriented warp knit GFRP composites. Wear2007; 263: 930–938.
29.
RaoRNDasS. Effect of sliding distance on the wear and friction behavior of as cast and heat-treated Al–SiCp composites. Mater Des2011; 32: 3051–3058.
30.
SharmaSCSatishBMGirishBM. Dry sliding wear of short glass fibre reinforced zinc–aluminium composites. Tribol Int1998; 31: 183–188.
31.
KimSSShinMWJangH. Tribological properties of short glass fiber reinforced polyamide 12 sliding on medium carbon steel. Wear2012; 274–275: 34–42.
32.
Rao VB and Rao VH. C++, neural networks and fuzzy logic. New York: MIS press, 1995.
33.
RajasekaranSVijayalakshmi PaiGA. Neural networks, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms-synthesis and applications, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, 2003.
34.
Kevin L, Priddy K and Paul E. Artificial neural networks: An introduction. Bellingham, Washington USA: SPIE – The international society for optical engineering, 2005.
35.
NirmalU. Prediction of friction coefficient of treated betelnut fibre reinforced polyester (T-BFRP) composite using artificial neural networks. Tribol Int2010; 43: 1417–1429.
