Improvements in the performance and efficiency of gas turbine engines have been intimately linked to the development of materials technologies for the high-temperature components. This paper reviews some of the recent research that will ensure that the engines for the next generation of aircraft deliver world class performance at an affordable cost.
HusniauxA.Life cycle cost—an introduction In Design for Low Cost Operation and Support, RTO-MP-37, 2000 (NATO Research and Technical Organisation, Paris).
2.
GouletteM. J.The future costs less—high temperature materials from an aero-engine perspective In Superalloys1996, pp. 3–6 (Metallurgical Society of AIME, Warrendale, Pennsylvania).
3.
FordD. A.Impact of second generation single crystal superalloys on foundry technologyProc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part G, Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 1996, 210 (G2), 147–155.
4.
CaronP.KhanT.Third generation superalloys for single crystal blades In Materials for Advanced Power Engineering, Part II, 1998, p. 897 (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands).
5.
Proceedings of the Thermal Barrier Coating Workshop, NASA Conference Publication 3312, 1995.
6.
MorrellP.RickerbyD. S.Advantages/disadvantages of various TBC systems as perceived by the engine manufacturer. In Thermal Barrier Coatings, NATO AGARD Report 823, 1998, Paper 20.
7.
NichollsJ. R.LawsonK. J.RickerbyD. S.MorrellP.Advanced processing of TBC's for reduced thermal conductivity. In Thermal Barrier Coatings, NATO AGARD Report 823, 1998, Paper 6.
8.
DalbyS.TongJ.ByrneJ.Effects of loading waveform on fatigue crack growth at elevated temperature in nickel-base superalloys. In COMPASS1999, Swansea, 1999, p. 371.
9.
AustinC. M.KellyT. J.McAllisterK. G.ChestnutJ. C.Aircraft engine applications for gamma titanium aluminide. In Proceedings of the International Symposium onStructural Intermetallic, 1997, p. 413 (Metallurgical Society of AIME, Warrendale, Pennsylvania).
10.
PartridgeA.WinstoneM. R.Gamma titanium aluminide alloys: Current status and future potential. In Advances in Turbine Materials, Design and Manufacturing, Proceedings of the Fourth International Charles Parsons Turbine Conference, 1997, p. 358.
11.
LarsenJ. M.WorthB. D.BalsoneS. J.RosenbergerA. H.Reliability issues affecting the implementation of gamma titanium aluminides. In Titanium ‘95: Science and Technology, 1995, pp. 113–120.
12.
PerrinI. J.Design approaches for gamma titanium aluminide alloys. In Advances in Turbine Materials, Design and Manufacturing, Proceedings of the Fourth International Charles Parsons Turbine Conference, 1997, p. 148.
13.
DolleyE. J.AshbaughN. E.WorthB. D.Isothermal high cycle fatigue of a Ti-46.5A1–3.0Nb-2.1Cr-0.2W gamma titanium aluminide. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Fatigue Congress, Berlin, Germany, 1996, p. 1755 (Pergamon, Oxford).
14.
KumpfertJ.LeyensC.Microstructure evolution, phase transformations and oxidation of an orthorhombic titanium aluminide alloy. In Proceedings of the International Symposium onStructural Intermetallics, 1997, pp. 895–904 (Metallurgical Society of AIME, Warrendale, Pennsylvania).
15.
Ward-CloseC. M.GodfreyS. P.RobertsonJ. G.Titanium MMC's—design and manufacturing. In Proceedings of the European Materials Conference (EUROMAT), 1999 (in press).
SaundersN.Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 1995, 351, 543–561.
18.
FoxS. P.NealD. F.The role of computer modelling in the development of large scale primary forgings of titanium alloys. In Titanium 95—Science and Technology, 1996, pp. 628–635 (Institute of Materials, London).
19.
DandreC. A.RobertsS. M.EvansR. W.ReedR. C.Microstructural evolution of INCONEL 718 during ingot breakdown; process modelling and evaluationMater. Sci. Technol., 2000, 16, 14–25.
20.
BrooksJ. W.Thermomechanical processing in theory, modelling and practiceSwed. Soc. Mater. Technol., 1997, 52, 52–77.
21.
BrooksJ. W.DeanT. A.HuZ. M.WeyE.Three dimensional finite element modelling of a titanium aluminide aerofoil forgingJ. Mater. Processing Technol., 1998, 20, 149–155.
SabinT. J.Bailer-JonesC. A. L.RobertsS. M.WithersP. J.In Proceedings of the International ConferenceICFT1998, (Professional Engineering Publishing Limited, London) p. 411 .
25.
HomewoodT.WardT. J.HendersonM. B.HarrisonG. F.The DERA slip system creep law for the modelling of face centred cubic single crystal material behaviour. In Proceedings of the Conference onThe Modelling of Microstructural Evolution in Creep Resistant Materials, Imperial College, London, 1998, pp. 273–292.
26.
McElhoneM.The hollow wide chord fan blade (WCFB): A stiffened metallic structure. In Proceedings of the Symposium onDesigning High Performance Stiffened Structures, 1999 (Professional Engineering Publishing Limited, London).
27.
DeanA. J.CormanG. S.BagepalliB.LuthraK. L.DiMascioP. S.OrensteinR. M.Design and testing of CFCC shroud and combusted components. In Proceedings of the International Gas Turbine and Aero-Engine Congress, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1999, p. 235 (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York).
28.
LeeK. N.Key durability issues with mullite-based environmental barrier coatings for Si-based ceramics. In Proceedings of the International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1999, p. 443 (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York).
29.
BerczikD. M.US Pat. 5,176,762, 5 January 1993.
30.
LiY. G.ZhangX. D.BlenkinsopP. A.SaundersN.WalkerN. A.SpillingP. D.SmallC.The development and evaluation of β titanium alloys for aerospace applications. In Titanium ‘95: Science and Technology, 1995, pp. 2317–2324 (Institute of Materials, London).
31.
LiY. G.BlenkinsopP. A.LorettoM. H.RuggD.VoiceW.Effect of carbon and oxygen on the mechanical properties of Tl-25V-15Cr-2Al alloysActa Mater., 1999, 47, 2889–2905.
32.
HarrisonG. F.WeaverM. J.Life assessment of fracture critical aeroengine parts In Engineering Against Fatigue (Eds BeynonJ. H.BrownM. W.SmithR. A.LindleyT. C.TomkinsB.), 1999 (A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam).