The temperature variation alters the contact state of each component during the operating process of oil-jet lubricated rolling bearings, which directly affects the dynamic performance of the bearing. However, previous studies on the dynamics of oil-jet lubricated rolling bearings do not comprehensively consider the influence of temperature factors. In addition, the impact of the temperature on the dynamic contact characteristics of the bearing is rarely investigated. To fill these gaps, this study develops a finite element model based on the mechanism of heat generation and transfer of the bearing to simulate the bearing temperature field and obtain the temperature of various components. On this basis, a dynamic model of an oil-jet lubricated axle box bearing is established to explore the influence of the radial clearance, internal temperature of the axle box and lubricating oil temperature on the contact force between the race and the rolling body by considering the influence of temperatures on the thermal deformation, lubricating oil parameters and equivalent stiffness. It was found that the influence of the temperature on bearings is primarily manifested in the elastic modulus, lubricating oil viscosity, oil film thickness, equivalent stiffness and thermal deformation. The contact force between the rolling body and the race increases significantly when the lubricating oil temperature is high, which may result in bearing pitting failure. These analysis results can provide a theoretical foundation for bearing parameter design and life research.
LiuJMaCWangS, et al.Thermal-structure interaction characteristics of a high-speed spindle- bearing system. Int J Mach Tools Manuf2019; 137: 42–57.
3.
ZhengDChenWLiM. An optimized thermal network model to estimate thermal performances on a pair of angular contact ball bearings under oil-air lubrication. Appl Therm Eng2018; 131: 328–339.
4.
LeiJSuBZhangS, et al.Dynamics-based thermal analysis of high-speed angular contact ball bearings with under-race lubrication. Machines2023; 11: 691.
5.
HaoXYunXHanQ. Thermal-fluid-solid coupling in thermal characteristics analysis of rolling bearing system under oil lubrication. J Tribol-Trans Asme2020; 142: 031201.
6.
LiuYWangBYangS, et al.Characteristic analysis of mechanical thermal coupling model for bearing rotor system of high-speed train. Appl Math Mech-English Ed2022; 43: 1381–1398.
7.
WangZChengYAllenP, et al.Analysis of vibration and temperature on the axle box bearing of a high-speed train. Veh Syst Dyn2020; 58: 1605–1628.
ZhangGSuBLiuF, et al.Thermal analysis based on dynamic performance of rocker arm full-type needle bearings. Lubricants2022; 10: 104.
10.
MitrovicRMAtanasovskaIDSoldatND, et al.Effects of operation temperature on thermal expansion and main parameters of radial ball bearings. Therm Sci2015; 19: 1835–1844.
11.
ZhangCGuoDTianJ, et al.Research on the influencing factors of thermal characteristics of high-speed grease lubricated angular contact ball bearing. Adv Mech Eng2021; 13: 16878140211027398.
12.
MannanAPozzebonMLDanielWJT, et al.Temperature effect on load distribution, friction, and wear of a grease-lubricated spherical roller bearing (SRB). Tribol Trans2023; 66: 144–161.
13.
PozzenbonMLLinCLMeehanPA. On the modeling of wear in grease-lubricated spherical roller bearings. Tribol Trans2020; 63: 806–819.
14.
MohammadpourMJohns-RahnejatPMRahnejatH. Roller bearing dynamics under transient thermal-mixed non-newtonian elastohydrodynamic regime of lubrication. Proc IMechE, Part K: J Multi-body Dynamics2015; 229: 407–423.
15.
ZhangKWangZBaiX, et al.Effect of preload on the dynamic characteristics of ceramic bearings based on a dynamic thermal coupling model. Adv Mech Eng2020; 12: 1687814020903851.
16.
GaoSChattertonSNaldiL, et al.Ball bearing skidding and over-skidding in large-scale angular contact ball bearings: nonlinear dynamic model with thermal effects and experimental results. Mech Syst Signal Process2021; 147: 107120.
17.
RahnejatHGoharR. The vibrations of radial ball bearings. Proc IMechE, Part C: J Mechanical Engineering Science1985; 199: 181–193.
18.
AiniRRahnejatHGoharR. Vibration modeling of rotating spindles supported by lubricated bearings. J Tribol2002; 124: 158–165.
19.
TurnbullRRahmaniRRahnejatH. The effect of outer ring elastodynamics on vibration and power loss of radial ball bearings. Proc IMechE, Part K: J Multi-body Dynamics2020; 234: 707–722.
20.
TuWYangBYuW, et al.A dynamic model of defective bearing considering the detailed motion of the roller and the impact between the roller and the cage. Proc IMechE, Part K: J Multi-body Dynamics2023; 237: 494–510.
21.
CaoZWuGHeC, et al.A new instantaneous contact based dynamic model of rolling element bearings with local defects. Mech Syst Signal Process2023; 200: 110600.
22.
MaSLiWYanK, et al.A study on the dynamic contact feature of four-contact-point ball bearing. Mech Syst Signal Process2022; 174: 109111.
23.
ShiZLiuJXiaoG. Dynamics of a planetary needle roller bearing considering the waviness. Proc IMechE, Part K: J Multi-body Dynamicss2022; 236: 308–321.
24.
TuWWangHZhangG, et al.The influence of race waviness on skidding characteristics of rolling bearings. Int J Non-Linear Mech2023; 156: 104520.
25.
ShanWChenYWangX, et al.Nonlinear dynamic characteristics of deep groove ball bearings with an improved contact model. Machines2023; 11: 340.
26.
WangMYanKZhangX, et al.A comprehensive study on dynamic performance of ball bearing considering bearing deformations and ball-inner raceway separation. Mech Syst Signal Process2023; 185: 109826.
27.
TuWWangJYangB, et al.Analysis of contact characteristics of rolling bearings under load fluctuation. J Vibration Shock2023; 42: 227–235.
28.
HanQLiXChuF. Skidding behavior of cylindrical roller bearings under time-variable load conditions. Int J Mech Sci2018; 135: 203–214.
29.
ZhaoYWuC. Numerical simulation to research the collision and skidding of rolling elements for cageless bearings. Indust Lubrication Tribol2022; 74: 1101–1109.
30.
DengSZhuXQianD, et al.Nonlinear dynamic correlation between balls, cage and bearing rings of angular contact ball bearings at different number of balls and groove curvature radii. Nonlinear Dyn2023; 111: 3207–3237.
31.
TianJWangPXuH, et al.Nonlinear vibration characteristics of rolling bearing considering flexible cage fracture. Int J Non-Linear Mech2023; 156: 104478.
32.
BalHAtesKKaracayT, et al.Effect of preload on the vibrations of EHL angular contact ball bearings: theoretical and experimental results. Lubricants2022; 10: 46.
33.
AlfaresMSaleemOMajeedM. Analytical study of thermal variation impact on dynamics of a spindle bearing system. Proc IMechE, Part K: J Multi-body Dynamics2019; 233: 871–898.
34.
LiuPWangLMaF, et al.Influence of assembly clearance on vibration characteristics of angular contact ball bearings in the thermal environment. Tribol Int2023; 181: 108317.
35.
ZhangYChenGWangL. Effects of thermal and elastic deformations on lubricating properties of the textured journal bearing. Adv Mech Eng2019; 11: 1687814019883790.
36.
LiuYWangWTaoQ, et al.The effect of lubricant temperature on dynamic behavior in angular contact ball bearings. Mech Mach Theory2020; 149: 103832.
37.
YanPYanCWangK, et al.5-DOF Dynamic modeling of rolling bearing with local defect considering comprehensive stiffness under isothermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication. Shock Vib2020; 2020: 9310278.
38.
LiuJNiHXuZ, et al.A simulation analysis for lubricating characteristics of an oil-jet lubricated ball bearing. Simul Model Pract Theory2021; 113: 102371.
LiuHZhangYLiC, et al.Nonlinear dynamic analysis of CNC lathe spindle-bearing system considering thermal effect. Nonlinear Dyn2021; 105: 131–166.
41.
HarrisTAKotzalasMN. Rolling bearing analysis essential concepts of bearing technology. 5th ed. New York: Taylor and Francis, 2006.
42.
SinghAKMukherjeePSMishraNM. Interrelationship among viscosity, temperature and age of lubricant. Industr Lubrication Tribol2006; 58: 50–55.
43.
ZhangKWuXCBaiXT, et al.Effect of the lubrication parameters on the ceramic ball bearing vibration in starved conditions. Appl Sci-Basel2020; 10: 1237.
44.
HamrockBJDowsonD. Isothermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication of point contacts: part III—fully flooded results. J Tribol1977; 99: 264–275.
45.
LiWKouHZhangX, et al.Temperature-dependent elastic modulus model for metallic bulk materials. Mech Mater2019; 139: 103194.
46.
MunroRG. Analytical representations of elastic moduli data with simultaneous dependence on temperature and porosity. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol2004; 109: 497–503.
47.
LiCSunZ. Dynamic virtual simulation of deep groove ball bearing: Based on elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory. J Aerosp Power2009; 24: 951–956.
48.
JinLRuiZJiangH, et al.Research on prediction of temperature rise of high speed angular contact ball bearing considering interaction between contact parameters and friction heat. J Mech Eng2021; 57: 61–67.
49.
YeZWangLChenG, et al.Analysis of thermo-mechanical coupling of high-speed angular-contact ball bearings. Adv Mech Eng2017; 9: 1–14.
