In most places in the world one can follow courses in Yoga and Qigong. These forms of Indian and Chinese spirituality have gone global, but are still connected to national identities. This article juxtaposes and compares contemporary Indian and Chinese spiritual movements after sketching the extent to which they are the product of the imperial encounter with the West.
Chang, M.H. (2004) Falungong, secte Chinoise. Un defi au pouvoir. Paris: Editions Autrement.
2.
Chen, N. (2003) Breathing Spaces: Qigong, Psychiatry, and Healing in China. New York: Columbia University Press.
3.
Cohen, P. (1992) `The Contested Past: The Boxers as History and Myth', Journal of Asian Studies51(1): 82-113.
4.
Duara, P. (1991) `Knowledge and Power in the Discourse of Modernity: The Campaigns Against Popular Religion in Early Twentieth-Century China', Journal of Asian Studies50(1): 67-81.
5.
Duara, P. (1995) Rescuing History from the Nation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
6.
Dumont, L. (1966) Homo Hierarchicus. Paris: Gallimard.
7.
Eliade, M. (1958) Yoga: Immortality and Freedom. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
8.
Gandhi , Mahatma (1947) Hind Swaraj. Madras : G.A. Natesan.
9.
McKean, L. (1996) Divine Enterprise. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
10.
Mullick, S. (1993) `Protap Chandra Majumdar and Swami Vivekananda at the Parliament of Religions: Two Interpretations of Hinduism and Universal Religion', in Eric Ziolkowski (ed.) A Museum of Faiths: Histories and Legacies of the 1893 World's Parliament of Religions. Atlanta: Scholars Press.
11.
Nandy, A. (1995) Alternative Sciences: Creativity and Authenticity in Two Indian Scientists. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
12.
Nehru, Jawaharlal (1946) The Discovery of India. New York: John Day.
13.
Ownby, D. (1995) `The Heaven and Earth Society as Popular Religion ', Journal of Asian Studies54(4): 1023-47.
14.
Palmer, D. (2007) Qigong Fever, Body, Science and the Politics of Religion in China, 1949-1999. New York: Columbia University Press.
15.
Pang, L. (1994) `Magic and Modernity in China', Positions (2004): 308-10.
16.
Prakash, G. (1999) Another Reason: Science and the Imagination of Modern India. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
17.
Strauss, S. (2005) Positioning Yoga: Balancing Acts across Cultures . Oxford: Berg.
18.
ter Haar, B. (1992) The White Lotus Teachings in Chinese Religious History. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
19.
Van der Veer, P. (1988) Gods on Earth. London: Athlone.
20.
Van der Veer, P. (1994) Religious Nationalism: Hindus and Muslims in India . Berkeley: University of California Press.
21.
Van der Veer, P. (2001) Imperial Encounters: Religion and Modernity in India and Britain. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
22.
Viswanathan, G. (1989) Masks of Conquest: Literary Study and British Rule in India. New York: Columbia University Press.
23.
Weber, M. (1925) Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, Vol. 1. Tubingen: Mohr.
24.
Weller, R. (1994) Resistance, Chaos and Control in China: Taiping Rebels, Taiwanese Ghosts and Tiananmen. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
25.
Xu, J. (1999) `Body, Discourse and the Cultural Politics of Contemporary Qigong', Journal of Asian Studies58(3): 972.
26.
Ziolkowski, E. , ed. (1993) A Museum of Faiths: Histories and Legacies of the 1893 World's Parliament of Religions. Atlanta: Scholars Press .