This article explores the principles of interaction that shape grammatical practices of conversational speech cross-linguistically. Seven such principles are explored, and the grammatical practices they give rise to are illustrated. The role of these principles in shaping non-linguistic behavior is also touched on.
Austin, J. (1962) How to Do Things with Words (The William James Lectures delivered at Harvard University in 1955), ed. J.O. Urmson.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press / Oxford: Clarendon Press .
2.
Biber, D. and Conrad, S. (1999) `Lexical Bundles in Conversation and Academic Prose' , in H. Hasselgard and S. Oksefjell (eds) Out of Corpora: Studies in Honour of Stig Johansson, pp. 181—90. Amsterdam: Rodopi .
3.
Bybee, J. (2002) `Word Frequency and Context of Use in the Lexical Diffusion of Phonetic-ally Conditioned Sound Change' , Language Variation and Change14: 261—90 .
4.
Bybee, J. (for thcoming) `Sequentiality as the Basis of Constituent Str ucture ', in B. Malle and T. Givon (eds) The Rise of Language Out of Pre-language . Amsterdam: John Benjamins .
5.
Bybee, J. and Hopper, P. (eds) (2001) Frequency and the Emergence ofi Linguistic Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins .
6.
Chafe, W. (1976) `Givenness, Contrastiveness, Definiteness, Subjects, Topics, and Point of View', in C.N. Li (ed.) Subject and Topic, pp. 25—55. New York : Academic Press .
7.
Chafe, W. (ed.) (1980) The Pear Stories: Cognitive, Cultural, and Linguistic Aspects ofi Narrative Production . Norwood, NJ: Ablex .
8.
Chafe, W. (1994) Discourse, Consciousness, and Time: The Flow and Displacement ofi Conscious Experience in Speaking and Writing. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press .
9.
Cole, P. , Hermon, G. and Tjung, Y.N. (2005) ` How Irregular is WH in Situ in Indonesian? ', Studies in Language29: 553—81 .
10.
Couper-Kuhlen, E. (2001) ` Interactional Prosody: High Onsets in Reason-for-the-Call Turns' , Language in Society30: 29—53 .
11.
Couper-Kuhlen, E. and Thompson, S. (2005) ` The Clause as a Locus of Grammar and Interaction' , Discourse Studies7: 481—505 .
12.
Couper-Kuhlen, E. , Ono, T. and Vor reiter, S. (2003) ` Incrementing in Conversation. A Comparison of Methods in English, German and Japanese ', paper delivered at the 8th International Pragmatics Conference, Toronto.
13.
Curl, T. (2002) `The Phonetics of Sequence Organization: An Investigation of Lexical Repetition in Other-initiated Repair', PhD disser tation, Univer sity of Colorado, Boulder .
14.
Curl, T. (2006) ` Of fer s of Assistance: Constraints on Syntactic Design', Journal of Pragmatics38: 1257—80 .
15.
Dreyfus, H. and Dreyfus, S. (1986) Mind Over Machine. New York : Free Press .
16.
Du Bois, J. (1987) ` The Discourse Basis of Ergativity' , Language63: 805—55 .
17.
Egber t, M. (2002) `Der Reparatur-Mechanismus in deutschen and interkulterellen Gesprachen', Habilitation , Universitat Oldenburg .
18.
Fincke, S. (1999) `The Syntactic Organization of Repair in Bikol ', in B. Fox , D. Jurafsky and L. Michaelis (eds) Cognition and Function in Language, pp. 252—67. Stanford, CA: CSLI .
19.
Ford, C. , Fox, B. and Thompson, S. (1996) ` Practices in the Construction of Turns: The `'TCU'' Revisited' , Pragmatics6: 427—54 .
20.
Ford, C. , Fox, B. and Thompson, S. (2002) `Constituency and Turn Increments', in C. Ford , B. Fox and S. Thompson (eds) The Language ofi Turns and Sequences, pp. 14—38. London: Oxford University Press .
21.
Ford, C. , Fox, B. and Thompson, S. (2003) `Social Interaction and Grammar', in M. Tomasello (ed.) The New Psychology ofi Language, vol. 2, pp. 1489—522. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum .
22.
Fox, B. ( 1987) Discourse Structure and Anaphora. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
23.
Fox, B. ( 1994) ` Contextualization, Indexicality, and the Distributed Nature of Grammar' , Language Sciences16: 1—37 (special issue edited by P. Davis).
24.
Fox, B. ( 2000) ` Micro-syntax in English Conversation ', paper presented at the conference Interactional Linguistics (sponsored by EURESCO), September, Spa, Belgium.
25.
Fox, B. , Hayashi, M. and Jasperson, R. (1996) `Resources and Repair: A Cross-linguistic Study of the Syntactic Organization of Repair', in E. Ochs , E. Schegloff and S. Thompson (eds) Interaction and Grammar , pp. 185—227. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
26.
Givon, T. (1979) On Understanding Grammar. New York: Academic Press .
27.
Givon, T. (1983) Topic Continuity in Discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins .
28.
Givon, T. (2002) Biolinguistics: The Santa Barbara Lectures. Amsterdam: John Benjamins .
29.
Gomez de Garcia, J. (1994) `Communicative Strategies in Conversational Kickapoo' , PhD dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder .
30.
Goodwin, C. (1979) `The Interactive Construction of a Sentence in Everyday Conversation', in G . Psathas (ed.) Everyday Language: Studies in Ethnomet hodology , pp. 97—121. New York: Irvington .
31.
Goodwin, C. (1981) Conversational Organization: Interaction between Speakers and Hearers. New York: Academic Press .
32.
Goodwin, C. (1986) ` Gesture as a Resource for the Organization of Mutual Orientation' , Semiotica62(1—2): 29—49 .
33.
Goodwin, C. and Goodwin, M.H. (1987) ` Concurrent Operations on Talk: Notes on the Interactive Organization of Assessments', IPrA Papers in Pragmatics1(1): 1—55 .
34.
Haiman, J. (1994) `Ritualization and the Development of Language' , in W. Pagliuca (ed.) Perspectives on Grammaticalization, pp. 3—28. Amsterdam : John Benjamins .
35.
Hayashi, M. (2003) Joint Utterance Construction in Japanese Conversation . Amsterdam: John Benjamins .
36.
Helasvuo, M.-L. (2001) Syntax in the Making. Amsterdam : John Benjamins .
Hooper, J. and Thompson, S. (1973) ` On the Applicability of Root Transformations' , Linguistic Enquiry4: 465—98 .
39.
Karkkainen, E. , Sorjonen, M.-J. and Helasvuo, M.-E. (forthcoming) `Discourse Structure', in T. Shopen (ed.) Language Typology and Syntactic Description .
40.
Lerner, G.H. (1996) ` On the Place of Linguistic Resources in the Organization of Talk-in Interaction: “Second Person” Reference in Multi-party Conversation ', Pragmatics6(3): 281—94 .
41.
Levelt, W. (1982) ` Zelfcor recties in het spreekproces' , Mededelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen45: 215—28 .
42.
Local, J. (2005) `On the Interactional and Phonetic Design of Collaborative Completions', in W. Hardcastle and J. Beck (eds) A Figure ofi Speech: A Festschrifit fior John Laver, pp. 263—82. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum .
43.
Malinowski. B. (1978 [1935]) Coral Gardens and Their Magic . New York: American Book .
44.
Manes, J. and Wolfson, N. (1981) `The Compliment Formula', in F. Coulmas (ed.) Conversational Routine: Explorations in Standardized Communication Situations and Prepatterned Speech, pp. 115—32. The Hague: Mouton .
45.
McNeill, D. (1992) Hand and Mind. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press .
46.
Mithun, M. (1987) `Is Basic Word Order Universal?', in R. Tomlin (ed.) Coherence and Grounding in Discourse, pp. 281—328. Amsterdam: John Benjamins .
47.
Nicita, L. (2002) `Cognitive Verbs in Spanish: A Discour se Profile of "Acordarse", ``creer'', ``saber'' and Related Verbs', PhD disser tation, Univer sity of Colorado, Boulder .
48.
O'Dowd, E. (1998) Prepositions and Particles in English: A Discourse-Functional Account. New York: Oxford University Press .
49.
Raymond, G. (2000) `The Str ucture of Responding: Type-confor ming and Non-conforming Responses to Yes/no Type Interrogatives', PhD dissertation, UCLA .
50.
Scheglof f, E. (1984) `On Some Gestures' Relation to Talk', in J.M. Atkinson and J. Heritage (eds) Structures ofi Social Action, pp. 266—98. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
51.
Schegloff, E. (1995) `Discourse as Interactional Achievement III: The Omnirelevance of Action' , Research on Language and Social Interaction28(2): 185—211 .
52.
Schegloff, E. (1996a) `Issues of Relevance for Discourse Analysis: Contingency in Action, Interaction and Co-participant Context', in E.H. Hovy and D. Scott (eds) Computational and Conversational Discourse: Burning Issues — An Interdisciplinary Account, pp. 3—38. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag .
53.
Schegloff, E. (1996b) `Turn Organization: One Intersection of Grammar and Interaction', in E. Ochs , E. Schegloff and S. Thompson (eds) Interaction and Grammar, pp. 52—133. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
54.
Schegloff, E. (1998) ` Body Torque' , Social Research65(3): 535—96 .
55.
Schegloff, E. , Jefferson, G. and Sacks, H. (1977) ` The Preference for Self-Correction in the Organization of Repair in Conversation' , Language53(2): 361—82 .
56.
Sorjonen, M.-L. (2001) Responding in Conversation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins .
57.
Streeck, J. (1993) ` Gesture as Communication I: Its Coordination with Gaze and Speech ', Communication Monographs60: 275—99 .
58.
Tanaka, H. (1999) Turn-taking in Japanese Conversation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins .
59.
Tao, L. ( 1995) ` Repair in Natural Conversation of Beijing Mandarin' , Yuen Ren Society Treasury ofi Chinese Dialect Data1: 55—77 .
60.
Thompson, S. (1987) `The Passive in English: A Discour se Per spective ', in Robert Channon and Linda Shockey , eds, In Honour ofi Ilse Lehiste , pp. 497—511. Dordrecht: Foris (Netherlands Phonetic Archive 6).
61.
Uhmann, S. (2001) `Some Arguments for the Relevance of Syntax to Same-sentence Self-repair in Everyday German Conversation', in M . Selting and E . CouperKuhlen (eds) Studies in Interactional Linguistics, pp. 373—404. Amsterdam: John Benjamins .
62.
Wei, Z. ( 1998) `Repair in Chinese', PhD dissertation, University of Hong Kong .
63.
Wouk, F. (2005) ` The Syntax of Repair in Indonesian' , Discourse Studies7: 23 7 58 .
64.
Yang, H-J. (no date) `Self-repair in Korean', manuscript.