Abstract
■ Aims
Official records indicate that in 1996 no more than five drug addicts in Finland received medically assisted treatment. By 2004 that figure had grown to 600–700 persons. This article retraces the path to this crucial change.
■ Design
Several factors of this change are scrutinised. In the latter part of the 1990s, Finland saw a significant increase in drug-related harms, resulting in a gradual revision of drug policies. Medically assisted treatment was brought under the spotlight through serious public controversies, centred on two private doctors prescribing buprenorphine for their heroin-using patients. Claims-makers, representing a variety of agencies, stood up for substitution treatment. International trends in substitution treatment, as well as scientific research, facilitated the advocacy of such treatment.
■ Results
The drug user has been redefined in terms of private and public health, and civil rights, engendering a more liberal attitude towards substitution treatment. National drug policy is characterised by a joint move: social and health policy initiatives, on the one hand, and criminal policy, on the other, are running on separate tracks, making it possible to increase control powers and to expand treatment services.
■ Conclusions
Several questions are still unresolved. For example, there has been very little debate on the widely known problem of buprenorphine abuse.
