This paper seeks to ascertain whether structural pluralism on an ethnic basis is present in Australian cities, with particular reference to metropolitan Sydney. This notion is tested by establishing whether socio-economic status differences between given European birthplace groups (first generation) and the host society persist into the immigrant second generations, i.e. their Australian-born children. While employment and learning problems do exist for many second generation persons, the evidence is that with the men, limited structural divergence from host society men exists, although there is more divergence with the southern European womenfolk. The latter in part reflects gender differences in occupational oppor tunities, and inequalities within the wider Australian society.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Banton, M. (1983), Racial and Ethnic Competition, Cambridge University Press, London.
2.
Birrell, R. and Tanya Birrell (1981), An Issue of People, Population and Australian Society, Longman Cheshire, Melbourne.
3.
Birrell, R. (1982), 'Socio-Cultural Aspects of Population Growth' in Population of Australia, Country Monograph Series No. 9, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, New York, 522-547.
4.
Broom, L. and Jones, F. Lancaster (1976), Opportunity and Attainment in Australia, Australian National University Press , Canberra.
5.
Burnley, I.H., (1972), 'European Immigration and Settlement Patterns in Metropolitan Sydney, 1947-66', Australian Geographical Studies, 10, 61-78.
6.
Burnley, I.H. (1975), 'Ethnic Factors in Social Segregation and Residential Stratification in Australia's Large Cities', The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, Vol. 11, No. 1, February, 12-20
7.
Burnley, I.H. and S. Walker, (1982), 'Dimensions of Unemployment in Metropolitan Sydney' in R. Gardew, S. Langdale and S. Rich (eds), Why Cities Change, George Allen and Unwin, Sydney.
8.
Davis, P. and P. Spearitt, (1974), Sydney at the 1971 Census, A Social Atlas , Australian National University Press.
9.
Encel, S. (1972), Equality and Authority in Australia, Class Status and Power in Australia, Cheshire, Melbourne.
10.
Furnivall, J.S. (1948), Colonial Policv and Practice, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge England.
11.
Galvin, J. (1980), 'Indices of Social Change in Ethnic Studies', Australian Geographical Studies, Vol. 18, No. 2, 155-168.
12.
Gordon, M. (1964), Assimilation in American Life, New York, Oxford University Press.
13.
Grimes, S. (1980), 'Irish Friendship Patterns in Metropolitan Sydney', Ph.D Thesis, (Geography, University of New South Wales).
14.
Hutchinson, E.P. (1956), Immigrants and Their Children, 1850-1950 , New York, Free Press.
15.
Jones, F. Lancaster (1969),Dimensions of Urban Social Structure, The Social Areas of Melbourne, Australia, Australian National University Press.
16.
Lieberson, S. (1963), Ethnic Patterns in American Cities , Illinois, Glencoe Free Press.
17.
Martin, J. and P. Meade (1978), 'Preliminary Findings of a Longitudinal Investigation of the Educational Experience of 3,043 Sydney Secondary Students, 1944-1977' , Unpublished Paper, Australian National University, Canberra.
18.
Nord, Stella (1983), Migrant Women, These are Your Rights , Wollongong , South Coast Labour Council .
19.
Peach, G.C.K. (1974),'Ethnic Segregation and Intermarriage Patterns in Sydney', Australian Geographical Studies , October.
20.
Poulsen, M. and P. Spearitt (1980), Sydney at the 1976 Census, A Social and Political Atlas, Sydney, George Allen and Unwin.
21.
Price, C.A. (1963), Southern Europeans in Australia, Oxford University Press.
22.
Price, C.A. (1982), 'International Migration: Contribution to Growth and Distribution of the Australian Population' in Population of Australia , Country Monograph Series No. 9, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, New York , 46-70
23.
Rowland, J. (1982), 'Ethnic Composition of the Population' in Population of Australia , Country Monograph Series No. 9 Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, New York, 101-127.
24.
Rowland J. (1984), 'Ethnic Diversity in Australia', M.A. Thesis in Demography, Australian National University.
25.
Smolicz, J. and R. Harris (1976), 'Ethnic Languages and Immigrant Youth: The Australian Experience' in M. Clyne (ed.) Australia Talks: Essays on the Sociology of Australian Immigrant and Aboriginal Languages , Australian National University.
26.
Smolicz, J. and R. Harris, (1977), 'Ethnic Languages in Australia', International Journal of the Sociology of Language, No. 14, 89-108.
27.
Stimson, RJ (1970), 'European Immigration Settlement Patterns in Metropolitan Melbourne 1947-1961', Tijdschrift Voor Economisch en Sociale Geographie, October.
28.
Unikoski, R. (1978), Communal Organisations, Australian National University Press.
29.
Ware, H. (1974), 'The Social and Demographic Impact ofIntergenerational Immigrants in Melbourne: A Study of Various Differentials' in I.H. Burnley (ed.) Urbanization in Australia, Cambridge University Press, 185-189.
30.
Yoo, B. ( 1978), 'Maltese Population and Settlement in Sydney', M.A. Thesis in Geography, University of New South Wales.
31.
Young, C. and Petty, M. (1978), The Employment, Vocational Aspirations and Educational Attainment of Lebanese and Turkish Youth, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
32.
Zubrzycki, J. (1968), 'Migrants and the Occupational Structure' in Throssel, H. (ed.) Ethnic Minorities in Australia , Sydney, Australian Council of Social Service.
