This paper begins by identifying the various problematics that have dominated 'race and ethnic relations' theory in New Zealand sociology, and then critiques two representative texts by identifying their silences. The critique focuses on the failure of the writers to take adequate account of the importance of production relations and their reification of an ideological notion, 'race'. The paper then offers an alternative problematic, the political economy of labour migration, which is grounded in the relationship between the process of capital accumulation and subsequent labour migrations to and within New Zealand.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Acord. (1974), Submission on the Children and Young Persons Bill, Auckland, ACORD.
2.
— (1975), Task Force: A Failure in Law Enforcement, A Disorder in Community Relations, Auckland, ACORD.
3.
— (1976), Children in Prison: Where's the Justice? Who's the Criminal?, Auckland, ACORD.
4.
— (1977), New Perspectives on Justice and Race: Submissions Presented to the Royal Commission on the Courts, Auckland, ACORD.
5.
Advisory Committee on Youth and Law. (1983 ), Report of Advisory Committee on Youth and Law in Our Multicultural Society, Auckland, Advisory Committee.
6.
Awatere, D. (1982), 'Maori Sovereignty', Bitches, Witches and Dykes, June, 7-11.
7.
Banton, M. (1977), The Idea of Race, London , Tavistock.
8.
Bedggood, D. (1979), 'The Destruction of Maori Society: The Articulation of Modes of Production in New Zealand', paper presented to 49th ANZAAS Conference, Auckland.
9.
Bedggood, D. and P. The. de Decker , (1977), 'The Destruction of the Natural Economy: The Articulation of Modes of Production in New Zealand,'paper presented to 48th ANZAAS Conference, Melbourne .
10.
Biddiss, M. (ed.), (1979), Images of Race, Leicester, Leicester University Press .
11.
Bolt, C. (1971), Victorian Attitudes to Race, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
12.
Castells, M. (1975), 'Immigrant Workers and Class Struggles in Advanced Capitalism: The West European Experience', Politics and Society, 5, 1, 33-66.
13.
Castles, S. and G. Kosack, (1973), Immigrant Workers and Class Struggle in Western Europe, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
14.
Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies ( 1982), The Empire Strikes Back, London, Hutchinson.
15.
Curson, P.H. (1970), 'Polynesians and Residential Concentration in Auckland', Journal of the Polynesian Society , 79, 421-432.
16.
de Bres, J. (1974), Migrant Labour: The New Slave Trade—New Zealand Style, Wellington, Citizens Association for Racial Equality.
17.
de Bres, J. and R. Campbell, (1975), Worth Their Weight in Gold, Auckland, Auckland Resource Centre for World Development .
18.
— ( 1976), The Overstayers: Illegal Migration from the Pacific to New Zealand, Auckland, Auckland Resource Centre for World Development.
19.
de Bres, J., R. Campbell and P. Harris, (1974), Migrant Labour in the Pacific, Wellington, CORSO.
20.
Farmer, R.S. (1979), 'International Migration' in R.J. Neville and C.J. O'Neill (eds.), The Population of New Zealand. Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Auckland, Longman Paul.
21.
Frobel, F. et al. , (1979), The New International Division of Labour, Cambridge University Press .
22.
Gibson, K.D. (1983), 'Political Economy and International Labour Migration: The Case of Polynesians in New Zealand', New Zealand Geographer , 39, 1, 29-42.
23.
Graves, T.D. (1976), Would You Want Your Daughter to Marry One? , Research Report No. 11, Auckland, South Pacific Research Unit.
24.
Graves, T.D. and N.B. (1974 ), New Zealanders' Images of Themselves and of Immigrant Groups , Research Report No. 4, Auckland, South Pacific Research Unit.
25.
Hall, S. (1977), 'The "Political" and the "Economic" in Marx's Theory of Class', in A. Hunt (ed.), Class and Class Structure , London, Lawrence and Wishart.
26.
— (1980), 'Race, Articulation and Societies Structured in Dominance', in UNESCO, Sociological Theories: Race and Colonialism , Paris, UNESCO.
27.
Hechter, M. (1975), Internal Colonialism: The Celtic Fringe in British National Development, 1536-1966, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
28.
Howe, K. (1977), Race Relations in Australia and New Zealand , Wellington, Methuen.
29.
Hunn, J.K. (1960), Report on Department of Maori Affairs , Wellington, Government Printer .
30.
Lyon, M. (1972), 'Race and Ethnicity in Plural Societies', New Community, 1, 256-262.
31.
Macpherson, C. (1977), 'Polynesians in New Zealand: An Emerging Eth-Class?' in D.C. Pitt (ed.), Social Class in New Zealand , Auckland, Longman Paul.
32.
— (1978), 'The Polynesian Migrant Family', in P.G. Koopman-Boyden (ed.), Families in New Zealand Society , Wellington, Methuen.
— (1980), 'Guest-Work Movements. Some Consequences for Donor and Recipient. A Case Study', paper presented to 1980 Population, Mobility and Development Series, Australian National University.
35.
— (1983), The Skills Transfer Debate: Great Promise or Faint Hope. The Western Samoan Case', paper presented to Pacific Science Congress, Dunedin.
36.
Macrae, J. and D. Bedggood, (1978), 'The Development of Capitalism in New Zealand. Towards a Marxist Analysis', paper presented to First Marxian Political Economy Conference, Wellington.
37.
Martin, J. (1981), State Papers, Palmerston North, Department of Sociology, Massey University.
38.
Marx, K. (1976), Capital Volume One, Harmondsworth, Penguin.
39.
Miles, R. (1982), Racism and Migrant Labour, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
40.
Miles, R. and P. Spoonley, (1984), 'Labour Migration and Racialisation in New Zealand', forthcoming.
41.
Moore, R. (1977), 'Migrants and the Class Structure of Western Europe', in R. Scase (ed.), Industrial Society: Class, Cleavage and Control , London, George Allen and Unwin.
42.
Ng, B.F. (1959), The Chinese in New Zealand. A Study in Assimilation , Hong Kong, Hong Kong University Press.
43.
Oliver, W.H. (ed.), (1981), The Oxford History of New Zealand , Wellington, Oxford University Press .
44.
Paine, S. (1974), Exporting Workers: The Turkish Case , Cambridge University Press.
45.
Paine, S. (1979), 'Replacement of the West European Migrant Labour System by Investment in the European Periphery', in D. Seers et al. (eds.), Underdeveloped Europe: Studies in Core-Periphery Relations, Sussex, Harvester Press.
46.
Pearson, D. (1983), 'Two Paths of Colonialism: The Emergence of an Ethnic Division of Labour in New Zealand', paper presented to British Sociological Association Conference, Cardiff.
47.
Pearson, D. and D. Thorns, (1983), Eclipse of Equality, Sydney, Allen and Unwin.
48.
Phizacklea, A. and R. Miles, (1980), Labour and Racism, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
49.
Pitt, D.C. (1974), 'Fa'asamoa and Education' in D.H. Bray and C.G. Hill (eds.), Polynesian and Pakeha in New Zealand Education Vol. 2, Auckland, Heinemann.
50.
— ( 1975), 'Social Boundaries and Migration in New Zealand', in Y. Chang and P.J. Donaldson (eds.), Population Change in the Pacific Region, Vancouver, Pacific Science Congress.
51.
Pitt, D.C. and C. Macpherson, (1974), Emerging Pluralism: The Samoan Community in New Zealand, Auckland, Longman Paul.
52.
Poliakov, L. (1974), The Aryan Myth, Sussex , Sussex University Press and Heinemann.
53.
Poulantzas, N. (1978), Classes in Contemporary Capitalism , London, Verso.
54.
Race Relations Conciliator, Office of (1982 ), Race Against Time, Wellington, Human Rights Commission.
55.
Rex, J. ( 1973), Race, Colonialism and the City, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
56.
— ( 1980), 'The Theory of Race Relations—A Weberian Approach' in UNESCO, Sociological Theories: Race and Colonialism, Paris, UNESCO.
57.
Rex,J. and S. Tomlinson, (1979), Colonial Immigrants in a British City , London, Routledge.
58.
Sivinandan, A. (1982), A Different Hunger, London, Pluto Press.
59.
Smith, D.J. (1977), Racial Discrimination in Britain, Harmondsworth, Penguin.
60.
Spoonley, P. (1978), 'The Multi-Cultural Workforce: The Role of Employers as Gatekeepers', New Zealand Journal of Industrial Relations , 3, 2, 63-70.
61.
— ( 1982), 'Race Relations', in P. Spoonley, D. Pearson and I. Shirley (eds.), New Zealand Sociological Perspectives , Palmerston North, Dunmore Press.
62.
Tiwari, K.N. (1980), Indians in New Zealand: Studies in a Sub-Culture , Wellington, Price Milburn .
63.
Trlin, A.D. (1971), 'Social Distance and Assimilation Orientation: A Survey of Attitudes Towards Immigrants in New Zealand', Pacific Viewpoint, 12, 2, 141-162.
64.
— (1975), 'Western Samoan Marriage Patterns in Auckland' , Journal of the Polynesian Society, 84, 2, 124-141.
65.
— (1976), Toward the Integration of Factors Affecting Immigrant Intra-Urban Residential Patterns', New Zealand Geographer , 32, 1, 56-89.
66.
— (1979)a, 'Race, Ethnicity and Society', in R.J. Neville and C.J. O'Neill (eds.), The Population of New Zealand , Auckland, Longman Paul.
67.
— (1979b), Now Respected, Once Despised. Yugoslavs in New Zealand, Palmerston North, Dunmore Press.
68.
Wallman, S. (1978), The Boundaries of "Race": Processes of Ethnicity in England', Man, 13, 200-217.
69.
Warren, B. (1980), Imperialism: Pioneer of Capitalism , London, Verso.
70.
Watson, J.L. (1977), Between Two Cultures, Oxford, Basil Blackwell.
71.
Wilkes, C. (1983), The State', paper presented to N.Z.S.A. Conference, Auckland.
72.
Wolpe, H. (1976), 'The "White Working Class" in South Africa', Economy and Society, 5, 2, 197-240.
73.
Wright, E.O. (1976), 'Class Boundaries in Advanced Capitalist Societies' , New Left Review, 98, 3-41.
