Pre-war German Sociology was marked by the tensions of the times. Some sociologists fled the country, others eschewed Nazism while remaining. Still others contributed ideological service to the Party. Among the best known of these was Hans Freyer. It has rarely been observed that many of Freyer's formulations share a similar form to the well known "critical theory" of Horkheimer and Adorno, not only in what they propose but also in what they oppose, notably 'positivism'. Critical theory may be seen to have had strange bed-fellows in its contemporary context.
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