A greener approach to indoor air quality: Assessing the effectiveness of plants in reducing indoor CO 2 concentration

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between CO₂ capture or emission processes and changes in indoor conditions that may contribute to sick building syndrome (SBS). The CO₂ variation was assessed in a controlled chamber under four light intensities (0, 500, 8000 and 11,000 lx) using two plant species: Sansevieria trifasciata and Epipremnum aureum. Results showed the most significant CO₂ reduction at 500 lx, with S. trifasciata achieving a 24.2% reduction and E. aureum 19.3%. However, in darkness and at high light levels (8000 and 11,000 lx), both species increased CO₂ levels, likely due to temperature and humidity changes influencing stomatal behaviour and gas exchange. A mathematical model was developed based on an ordinary differential equation (ODE) of variable order (n = 0, 1, 2). A first-order model best-described CO₂ reduction by S. trifasciata (R² = 0.9573), while a second-order model fit E. aureum better (R² = 0.9334). These results suggest S. trifasciata is suitable for stable environments like offices, while E. aureum adapts to variable occupancy spaces like homes or classrooms. These findings underscore the potential of these plants as energy-efficient, cost-effective solutions to improve indoor air quality and complement sustainable building systems, enhancing both health and environmental performance.