As tunnel fires can easily cause numerous casualties, the effectiveness of water mist curtain in smoke blocking has garnered significant interest. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance and application value to study the mechanism of smoke blocking and heat blocking by water mist curtain. This study establishes vertical distribution formulas for smoke temperature and velocity, derives formulas for smoke momentum and explores the smoke blocking and heat blocking mechanisms of water mist curtains using the momentum ratio between the water mist curtain system and smoke. Employing numerical simulations and theoretical analyses, this study determines the optimal momentum ratio. The results indicate that during tunnel fires, there exists an optimal momentum ratio between the water mist curtain system and smoke. Within this optimal ratio, water mist curtains exhibit a relatively effective capability in smoke deposition and the simulation results are quantitatively validated.
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