This paper describes a method for dynamic modelling of the interactions of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) with airborne and settled particulate matter in the indoor environment. As part of the framework for dynamic modelling of indoor SVOCs recently proposed by this author, this method is fully compatible with the other components in the framework. With reduced computational complexity, the method is more flexible than the existing dynamic models. Despite the uncertainties in some of the key parameters, the simulation results have revealed important information regarding the general behaviour of SVOC-particle interactions and the role of particulate matter in human exposure to indoor SVOCs.
XuYLittleJC. Predicting emissions of SVOCs from polymeric materials and their interaction with airborne particles. Environ Sci Technol2006; 40: 456–461.
2.
WeschlerCJSalthammerTFrommeH. Partitioning of phthalates among the gas phase, airborne particles and settled dust in indoor environments. Atmos Environ2008; 42: 1449–1460.
WeschlerCJNazaroffWW. SVOC partitioning between the gas phase and settled dust indoors. Atmos Environ2010; 44: 3609–3620.
5.
BenningJLLiuZTiwariALittleJCMarrLC. Characterizing gas-particle interactions of phthalate plasticizer emitted from vinyl flooring. Environ Sci Technol2013; 47: 2696−2703–2696−2703.
6.
LiuCMorrisonGCZhangY. Role of aerosols in enhancing SVOC flux between air and indoor surfaces and its influence on exposure. Atmos Environ2012; 55: 347–356.
7.
LiuCShiSWeschlerCZhaoBZhangY. Analysis of the dynamic interaction between SVOCs and airborne particles. Aerosol Sci Technol2013; 47: 125–136.
8.
RoundsSAPankowJF. Application of a radial diffusion model to describe ga/particle sorption kinetics. Environ Sci Technol1990; 27: 366–377.
9.
OdumJRYuJZKamensRM. Modeling the mass transfer of semivolatile organics in combustion aerosols. Environ Sci Technol1994; 28: 2278–2285.
10.
LiuCZhaoBZhangY. The influence of aerosol dynamics on indoor exposure to airborne DEHP. Atmos Environ2010; 44: 1952–1959.
11.
ShiSZhaoB. Comparison of the predicted concentration of outdoor originated indoor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons between a kinetic partition model and a linear instantaneous model for gas-particle partition. Atmos Environ2012; 59: 93–101.
12.
GuoZ. A framework for modeling non-steady state concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds indoors – I. Emissions from diffusional sources and sorption by interior surfaces. Indoor Built Environ2013; 22: 685–700.
13.
QianJFerroARFowlerKR. Estimating the resuspension rate and residence time of indoor particles. JAWMA2008; 58(4): 502–516.
14.
ThatcherTLLaiACKMoreno-JacksonRSextroRGNazarofWW. Effects of room furnishings and air speed on particle deposition rates indoors. Atmos Environ2002; 36: 1811–1819.
SanfeldJHPandisSN. Atmospheric chemistry and physics, 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 2006.
17.
Guo Z. Simulation tool kit for indoor air quality and inhalation exposure (IAQX) Version 1.0 user’s guide. U.S. EPA report no. EPA-600/R-00-094, 2000, 76 pp. http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/appcd/mmd/iaq.html (accessed 19 April 2013).
18.
GundelLASextroRGAerosol chemistry and physics: indoor perspective. In: RuzerLSHarleyNH (eds). Aerosol handbook – measurements, dosimetry, and health effects, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2004ch. 10.
NaumanEBResidence time distributions. In: PaulELAtiemo-ObengVAKreastaSM (eds). Handbook of industrial mixing – science and practice, New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience, 2004ch. 1.
21.
LewisWKWhitmanWG. Principles of gas absorption. Ind Eng Chem1942; 16: 1215–1220.
22.
TreyballRE. Mass transfer operations, 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1968ch. 5.
23.
Guo Z, Liu X, Krebs KA, Greenwell DJ, Roache NF, Stinson RA, Nardin JA and Pope RH. Laboratory study of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination and mitigation in buildings – Part 2. Transport from primary sources to building materials and settled dust, U.S. EPA, Report no. EPA/600/R-11/156a, 2012, 166 pp. http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r11156a_v2.pdf (accessed 25 April 2013).
24.
DengQYangXZhangJS. New indices to evaluate volatile organic compound sorption capacity of building materials (RP-1321). HVAC&R Res2010; 16: 95–105.
25.
FischerRCWittlingerRBallschmiterK. Retention-index based vapor pressure estimation for polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) by gas chromatography. Fresenius J Anal Chem1992; 342(4): 421–425.
26.
LewisRGFortuneCRWillisRDCamannDEAntleyJT. Distribution of pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in house dust as a function of particle size. Environ Health Perspect1999; 107(9): 721–726.
27.
VorheesDJCullenACAltshulLM. Polychlorinated biphenyls in house dust and yard soil near a Superfund site. Environ Sci Technol1999; 33: 2151–2156.
28.
TichenorBAGuoZDunnJESparksLEMasonMA. The interaction of vapor phase organic compounds with indoor sinks. Indoor Air1991; 1: 23–35.
29.
Van LoyMDLeeVCGundelLADaiseyJMSextroRGNazaroffWW. Dynamic behavior of semivolatile organic compounds in indoor air. 1. Nicotine in a stainless steel chamber. Environ Sci Technol1997; 31: 2554–2561.
30.
TakigamiHSuzukiGHiraiYSakaiS. Transfer of brominated flame retardants from components into dust inside television cabinets. Chemosphere2008; 73: 161–169.
