Does physical performance and muscle strength predict future personal and nursing care services in community-dwelling older adults aged 75+?

Abstract

Aim:

The objective of this study was to investigate if grip strength or the short physical performance battery could predict the rate of receiving two different types of home care services: (a) personal care and (b) home nursing care for community-dwelling older adults aged 75+ years.

Methods:

A secondary data analysis of a prospective cohort study including 323 community-dwelling older adults. Measures of grip strength and the short physical performance battery were incorporated in a nationally regulated preventive home visit programme. Referral to personal and home nursing care were obtained from an administrative database with an average follow-up of 4.1 years. The rate of receiving the individual home care services and the study measures were determined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models controlling for a priori selected covariates (age, sex, living status, obesity, smoking and prior use of home care).

Results:

The mean age was 81.7 years with 58.8% being women. The rate of receiving personal care differed between the short physical performance battery groups but not between the grip strength groups after adjusting for all covariates with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.90 (1.29–2.81) and 1.41 (0.95–2.08), respectively. The rate of receiving home nursing care differed between both the short physical performance battery and grip strength groups after adjusting for all covariates with hazard ratios of 2.03 (1.41–2.94) and 1.48 (1.01–2.16), respectively.

Conclusions:

The short physical performance battery was associated with the rate of receiving both personal care and home nursing care. The short physical performance battery can be used to predict home care needs of community-dwelling older adults aged 75+ years.

Keywords

Aged healthcare services preventive home visit physical function muscle strength older adults short physical performance battery home care services long-term care

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Okoro

Hollis

Cyrus

, et al. Prevalence of disabilities and health care access by disability status and type among adults – United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018; 67: 882–887. 2018/08/17. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6732a3

Gaugler

Duval

Anderson

, et al. Predicting nursing home admission in the U.S: a meta-analysis. BMC Geriatrics 2007; 7: 13. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-7-13

de Meijer

Wouterse

Polder

, et al. The effect of population aging on health expenditure growth: a critical review. Eur J Ageing 2013; 10: 353–361. 2013/05/15. DOI: 10.1007/s10433-013-0280-x

European Commission. Joint report on health care and long-term care systems and fiscal sustainability. Country Documents 2019 Update. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission, 2019.

Fjell

Cronfalk

Carstens

, et al. Risk assessment during preventive home visits among older people. J Multidiscipl Healthc 2018; 11: 609–620. 2018/11/15. DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.S176646

Liimatta

Lampela

Laitinen-Parkkonen

, et al. Effects of preventive home visits on health-related quality-of-life and mortality in home-dwelling older adults. Scand J Primary Healthc 2019; 37: 90–97. 2019/02/28. DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2019.1569372

Bannenberg

Iversen

Karlsson

, et al. Preventive Home Visits in Norway. 2019. CINCH Working Paper Series 1907, Universitaet Duisburg-Essen, Competent in Competition and Health. Handle: RePEc:duh:wpaper:1907. https://ideas.repec.org/s/duh/wpaper.html

Vass

Avlund

Hendriksen

, et al. Preventive home visits to older people in Denmark – why, how, by whom, and when? Zeitschr Gerontol Geriatrie 2007; 40: 209–216. 2007/08/19. DOI: 10.1007/s00391-007-0470-2

Ankestyrelsen. Ankestyrelsens undersøgelse af Forebyggende hjemmebesøg til ældre. Report no. ISBN 978-87-7811-126-5, 2010. København, Denmark: Ankestyrelsen.

10.

Guralnik

Simonsick

Ferrucci

, et al. A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. J Gerontol 1994; 49: M85–M94. 1994/03/01.

11.

Beaudart

Rolland

Cruz-Jentoft

, et al. Assessment of muscle function and physical performance in daily clinical practice: a position paper endorsed by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO). Calcified Tiss Intl 2019; 105: 1–14. 2019/04/12. DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00545-w

12.

Gawel

Vengrow

Collins

, et al. The short physical performance battery as a predictor for long term disability or institutionalization in the community dwelling population aged 65 years old or older. Phys Ther Rev 2012; 17: 37–44. DOI: 10.1179/1743288X11Y.0000000050

13.

Lester

Tiedemann

Sherrington

Objectively measured mobility of rural community-dwelling people aged 80 and over is strongly associated with greater use of services for community integration and social support: an observational study. Aust J Rural Health 2019; 27: 6–13. 2019/01/30. DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12438

14.

Bohannon

RW.

Grip strength: an indispensable biomarker for older adults. Clin Intervent Aging 2019; 14: 1681–1691. DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S194543

15.

Peterson

Duchowny

Meng

, et al. Low normalized grip strength is a biomarker for cardiometabolic disease and physical disabilities among U.S. and Chinese adults. J Gerontol Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 2017; 72: 1525–1531. 2017/03/23. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx031

16.

Mijnarends

Meijers

Halfens

, et al. Validity and reliability of tools to measure muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in community-dwelling older people: a systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013; 14: 170–178. 2013/01/02. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2012.10.009

17.

Kendall

Boyle

Hartvigsen

, et al. Neck pain, concerns of falling and physical performance in community-dwelling Danish citizens over 75 years of age: a cross-sectional study. Scand J Public Health 2016; 44:695-701. 2016/09/03. DOI: 10.1177/1403494816666414

18.

Hvid

Strotmeyer

Skjodt

, et al. Voluntary muscle activation improves with power training and is associated with changes in gait speed in mobility-limited older adults – a randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2016; 80: 51–56. 2016/04/20. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.03.018

19.

Folstein

McHugh

PR.

“Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psych Res 1975; 12: 189–198. 1975/11/01.

20.

Fried

Tangen

Walston

, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 2001; 56: M146–M156. 2001/03/17

21.

Vasunilashorn

Coppin

Patel

, et al. Use of the Short Physical Performance Battery Score to predict loss of ability to walk 400 meters: analysis from the InCHIANTI study. J Gerontol Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 2009; 64: 223–229. 2009/02/03. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gln022

22.

Cameron

Song

Manheim

, et al. Gender disparities in health and healthcare use among older adults. J Women’s Health (2002) 2010; 19: 1643–1650. 2010/08/11. DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2009.1701

23.

Schaap

Koster

Visser

Adiposity, muscle mass, and muscle strength in relation to functional decline in older persons. Epidemiol Rev 2013; 35: 51–65. 2012/12/12. DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxs006

24.

Fredslund

Rasmussen

SR.

Ældres forbrug af sundheds- og hjemmeplejeydelser – betydende socioøkonomiske faktorer. VIVE, 2018. https://www.vive.dk/da/udgivelser/aeldres-forbrug-af-sundheds-og-hjemmeplejeydelser-11758/

25.

Enroth

Veenstra

Aartsen

, et al. Are there educational disparities in health and functioning among the oldest old? Evidence from the Nordic countries. Eur J Ageing 2019; 16: 415-424. DOI: 10.1007/s10433-019-00517-x

26.

West

Tobacco smoking: health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions. Psychol Health 2017; 32: 1018–1036. 2017/05/28. DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1325890

27.

Bergland

Strand

BH.

Norwegian reference values for the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB): the Tromsø Study. BMC Geriatrics 2019; 19: 216. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1234-8

28.

Danilovich

Corcos

Marquez

Eisenstein

Hughes

. Performance measures, hours of caregiving assistance, and risk of adverse care outcomes among older adult users of Medicaid home and community-based services. SAGE Open Med 2015; 2: 2050312115614588. DOI: 10.1177/2050312115614588

29.

Mayhew

Griffith

Gilsing

, et al. The association between self-reported and performance-based physical function with activities of daily living disability in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. J Gerontol Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 2020; 75: 147–154. 2019/05/14. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz122

30.

Welmer

Kareholt

Angleman

, et al. Can chronic multimorbidity explain the age-related differences in strength, speed and balance in older adults? Aging Clin Exp Res 2012; 24: 480–489. 2012/09/11. DOI: 10.3275/8584