In 2011 the Patients' Rights in Cross-border Health Care Directive was adopted. This Directive is meant, inter alia, to implement the case law of the Court of Justice on patient mobility. This article investigates the ways in which the position of patients has been reinforced. The question of whether the dual system of reimbursement of costs – on the basis of Regulation 883/2004 and on the basis of the Treaty – has been simplified, or whether it has become even more complicated, is also investigated.
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