Gender differences in methylcobalamin,folate,homocysteine,and hemoglobin levels among urban,community dwelling,elderly with mild cognitive impairment in a South Indian city: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background

Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies are associated with cognitive decline, yet evidence for their role in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains inconclusive, particularly how it differs across genders.

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of vitamin B12, vitamin B9, Homocysteine, and hemoglobin levels among male and female urban, community-dwelling elderly individuals with MCI and to assess gender-specific differences in these biochemical parameters.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 128 urban, community-dwelling elderly individuals (60 + years) with MCI in South India. Serum levels of vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine, and hemoglobin were evaluated alongside cognitive assessment. Multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between biomarkers and cognitive function adjusting for sociodemographic variables.

Results

This study revealed a high prevalence of vitamin B12 (78.1%), folate (99.2%) deficiencies and anemia (64.1%), alongside elevated homocysteine levels in 87.5% of participants. No significant association was found between mean scores of cognition in MCI and vitamin B12, folate, or homocysteine levels. Females had significantly lower mean hemoglobin levels than males (p = 0.03). Cognitive scores were relatively higher in females despite their lower socioeconomic status and hemoglobin levels.

Conclusions

Gender disparities in hemoglobin levels highlight the importance of addressing nutritional inequities. However, vitamin B12 and folate levels may not strongly influence MCI. Routine assays for these vitamins in elderly individuals with cognitive impairment should be reconsidered in resource-constrained settings.