Drift capacity of high-strength concrete columns with mixed-grade longitudinal reinforcements

Abstract

A unique reinforced concrete column design method which aims to improve the ductile behavior of reinforced concrete columns by utilizing various steel grades for longitudinal reinforcements is evaluated in this article. Six large-scale reinforced concrete columns were tested, with the columns subjected to axial load and cyclic forces under reversed bending. The parameters varied in the test program including the axial loading level and the ratio and strength of longitudinal steel reinforcement. It was found from the test results that utilizing longitudinal high-strength steel reinforcement by the ratio of 30%, 50%, and 100% of the total longitudinal reinforcement in a column section will increase the lateral loading drift capacity by 18%, 26%, and 55% on average, respectively. Parametric studies via nonlinear finite-element approach were performed to study the influence of various design parameters on the ultimate drift capacity of reinforced concrete columns. The correlation between the ultimate drift capacity and the confinement level, the axial loading level, and the ratio and grade of longitudinal high-strength reinforcing bars was investigated. Design charts for various ultimate drift levels in terms of other design parameters were developed.

Keywords

drift-based design finite-element analysis high-strength steel reinforcement high-strength concrete columns reinforced concrete seismic performance

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

ACI Committee 318 (2014) Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.

Alaee

(2017) High-strength concrete interior beam-column joints with high-yield-strength steel reinforcements. Journal of Structural Engineering 143(7): 04017038.

Bayrak

Sheikh

(1997) High-strength concrete columns under simulated earthquake loading. ACI Structural Journal 94(6): 708–722.

Brachmann

Browning

Matamoros

(2004) Drift-dependent confinement requirements for reinforced concrete columns under cyclic loading. ACI Structural Journal 101(5): 669–677.

CEB-FIP Model (1993) Design of Concrete Structures (CEB-FIP-Model-Code 1990). London: British Standard Institution.

DIANA (2012) DIANA Finite Element Analysis (User’s Manual Release 9.4.4). Delft: DIANA.

Eligehausen

Popov

Bertero

(1982) Local bond stress-slip relationships of deformed bars under generalized excitations. In: Proceedings of the 7th European conference on earthquake engineering, Athens, 20–25 September, pp. 69–80.

IBC (2006) International Building Code. Country Club Hills, IL: International Code Council, Inc. (formerly BOCA, ICBO and SBCCI).

Kulkarni

(2008) Finite element analysis of precast hybrid-steel concrete connections under cyclic loading. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 64: 190–201.

10.

Legeron

Paultre

(2000) Behavior of high-strength concrete columns under cyclic flexure and constant axial load. ACI Structural Journal 97(4): 591–601.

11.

Kulkarni

(2010) Seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete exterior wide beam-column joints. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering 136(1): 26–36.

12.

Park

(2004) Confining reinforcement for high strength concrete columns. ACI Structural Journal 101(3): 314–324.

13.

NZS3101 (2006) Concrete Structures Standard, The Design of Concrete Structures & Commentary on the Design of Concrete Structures. Wellington: Standards New Zealand.

14.

Okamura

Maekawa

(1991) Nonlinear Analysis and Constitutive Models of Reinforced Concrete. Tokyo: Gihodo.

15.

Pham

(2014) Evaluating the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns with plain and deformed longitudinal reinforcing bars. ACI Structural Journal 111(3): 561–574.

16.

Razvi

Saatcioglu

(1999) Analysis and design of concrete columns for confinement. Earthquake Spectra 15(4): 791–811.

17.

Rilem

(1985) Determination of the fracture energy of mortar and concrete by means of three-point bending tests on notched beams. Materials and Structures 85: 285–290.

18.

Saatcioglu

Razvi

(2012) Displacement-based design of reinforced concrete columns for confinement. ACI Structural Journal 99(1): 3–11.

19.

Sokoli

Ghannoum

(2016) High-strength reinforcement in columns under high shear stresses. ACI Structural Journal 113(3): 605–614.

20.

Uniform Building Code (1997) Uniform Building Code. Whittier, CA: International Conference of Building Officials.

21.

Watanabe

Oosumi

Muguruma

(1990) Control of flexural behavior of reinforced concrete section by mixed use of different strength steels. Proceedings of the Conference of Architectural Institute of Japan 2: 295–298.