The postwar period has been marked by a problematization of nations and nationalism: these phenomena, which were previously assumed to be natural products of evolution, have received a growing amount of attention from social theory. First an attempt was made to debunk nationalist constructions, and then a `primordialist' reaction defended the nation. Explanatory theory has however been held back due to vagueness regarding key categories such as culture, agency, rationality and motivations. Nationalism studies must be clearer in its use of these categories, and separate normative and explanatory questions if it is to yield more useful generalizations in the future.
Cohen, Anthony
(1986) Symbolizing Boundaries: Identity and Diversity in British Cultures.Manchester: Manchester University Press.
12.
Cohen, Anthony
(1989) The Symbolic Construction of Community.London: Routledge.
13.
Connor, Walker
(1993) `Beyond Reason: The Nature of the Ethnonational Bond', Ethnic and Racial Studies16 (July).
14.
Deutsch, Karl
(1953) Nationalism and Social Communication.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
15.
Emirbayer, Mustafa
(1997) `Manifesto for a Relational Sociology', American Journal of Sociology103(2): 281-318.
16.
Gellner, Ernest
(1964) Thought and Change.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
17.
Gellner, Ernest
(1983) Nations and Nationalism.Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
18.
Giddens, Anthony
(1977) Studies in Social and Political Theory.New York: Basic Books.
19.
Greenfeld, Liah
(1992) Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
20.
Hechter, M.
(1975) Internal Colonialism.Berkeley/Los Angeles, CA: Pergamon Press.
21.
Hechter, M.
(1985) `Internal Colonialism Revisited', in E. Tiryakian and R. Rogowski (eds) New Nationalisms of the Developed West, pp. 17-26. Boston, MA: Allen & Unwin.
22.
Hechter, Michael
(1995) `Explaining Nationalist Violence', Nations and Nationalism1(1): 53-68.
23.
Hobsbawm, Eric
(1990) Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
24.
Hobsbawm, Eric
and Ranger, Terence, eds (1982) The Invention of Tradition.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25.
Horowitz, Donald
(1985) Ethnic Groups in Conflict.Berkeley: University of California Press.
26.
Hroch, Miroslav
(1985) Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kymlicka, Will
(1995) Multicultural Citizenship. A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
29.
Levi, Margaret
and Hechter, Michael (1985) `A Rational Choice Approach to The Rise and Decline of Ethnoregional Political Parties', in Edward A. Tiryakian and Ronald Rogowski (eds) New Nationalisms of the Developed West, pp. 128-146. Boston, MA: Allen & Unwin.
30.
Lukes, Steven
(1985) Marxism and Morality.Oxford: Clarendon Press.
31.
Melucci, Antonio
(1982) Nomads of the Present. Social Movements and Individual Needs in Contemporary Society.Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
32.
Melucci, Antonio
(1988) `Getting Involved: Identity and Mobilization in Social Movements', International Social Movement Research1.
33.
Mosse, George
(1975) The Nationalization of the Masses: Political Symbolism and Mass Movements in Germany from the Napoleonic Wars Through the Third Reich.New York: Fertig.
34.
Nairn, Tom
(1977) The Breakup of Britain. Crisis and Neo-Nationalism.London: New Left Books.
35.
Pizzorno, Alessandro
(1983) `Identita e Interesse', in L. Sciolla (ed.) Identita.Turin: Rosemburg.
36.
Pizzorno, Alessandro
(1986) `Some Other Kind of Otherness: A Critique of Rational Choice Theories', in A. Foxleyet al. (eds) Development, Democracy and the Art of Trespassing.Notre Dame, IL: University of Notre Dame Press.
37.
Scheff, Thomas J.
(1994a) Bloody Revenge: Emotions, Nationalism and War.Boulder, CO: Westview.
38.
Scheff, Thomas J.
(1994b) `Emotions and Identity: A Theory of Ethnic Nationalism', in Craig Calhoun (ed.) Social Theory and the Politics of Identity.Oxford/Cambridge: Blackwell.
39.
Smith, Anthony
(1979) Nationalism in the Twentieth Century.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
40.
Smith, Anthony
(1984) `Ethnic Myths and Ethnic Revivals', Archives Européenes de SociologieXXV: 283-305.
41.
Smith, Anthony
(1986) The Ethnic Origins of Nations.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
42.
Smith, Anthony
(1991) National Identity.London: Penguin.
43.
Swidler, Anne
(1986) `Culture in Action, Symbols and Strategies', American Sociological Review (51). 273-286.
44.
Tambini, Damian
(1996) `Explaining Monoculturalism: Beyond Ernest Gellner's Theory of Nationalism', The Critical Review10(2).
45.
Therborn, Goran
(1991) `Cultural Belonging, Structural Location and Human Action. Explanation in Sociology and Social Science', Acta Sociologica34: 177-191.
46.
Tilly, Charles
(1996) `The State of Nationalism', Critical Review10(2).
47.
Touraine, Alain
(1978) La Voix et le Regard.Paris: Seuil.
48.
Touraine, Alain
(1988) The Return of the Actor: Social Theory in Postindustrial Society.Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
49.
Vermullen, Hans
and Govers, Cora, eds (1994) The Anthropology of Ethnicity. Beyond `Ethnic Groups and Boundaries'.Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis.
50.
Wallerstein, Immanuel
(1979) The Capitalist World Economy.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
51.
Wallman, Sandra
(1978) `The Boundaries of “Race” ', Man13(2).
